Avarice, the great temptation, II, 38, 77; the root of evil, III, 73-75; due to delusion as to expediency, III, 36; avoided by the statesman, II, 76-77; contrary to all law, III, 21-23; _see also_ Covetousness. Babylonia, the district around Babylon at the head of the Persian Gulf, III, 51. Bardulis, king of Illyria, conquered a large part of Macedonia from Perdiccas, the brother and predecessor of Philip; defeated and slain by Philip (358); called a "brigand," because his career did not tend to promote civilization, II, 40. Basilus, Lucius Minucius, otherwise unknown; perhaps Sulla's lieutenant, III, 73-74. Beauty, physical, I, 98, 126; types of, I, 130. Beneficence; _see_ Generosity. Bribery, in Rome, II, 21-22, 75. Brutus, Lucius Junius, led the Romans to expel the Tarquins; helped by Collatinus, who shared with him the first consulship (509), III, 40. Brutus, Marcus Junius, an eminent jurist, one of the three founders of the civil law; father of "the Accuser," II, 50. Brutus; Marcus Junius Brutus Accusator, orator and vigorous prosecutor, son of the preceding, II, 50. Caelian Hill, the south-east hill of Rome, III, 66. Caesar, Gaius Julius, son of Lucius Caesar Strabo Vopiscus, candidate for the consulship (88), slain by Marius (87); poet and orator, I, 108, 133. Caesar, Gaius Julius (100-44), consul (59), in Gaul (58-50), conquered Pompey at Pharsalus (48), dictator (48-44), assassinated (44); orator, statesman, scholar, soldier; despot, II, 2; tyrant, I, 112; II, 23-28, 83; confiscator, I, 43; II, 84; enslaver of Rome, III, 85; treatment of Marseilles, II, 28; a victim of depraved ambition, I, 26; III, 83; a conspirator with Catiline, his love of wrong, II, 84; deserved his death, III, 19, 32, 82. Caesar, Lucius Julius, father of the Dictator, I, 108. Callicratidas, succeeded Lysander as admiral of the Spartan fleet, I, 109; defeated Conon, took Lesbos, lost the battle and his life at Arginusae (406), I, 84. Calliphon, a Greek philosopher, probably a disciple of Epicurus, taught that the supreme good was a union between moral rectitude and pleasure, III, 119. Calpurnius; Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi; _see_ Piso. Calpurnius; Publius Calpurnius Lanarius; _see_ Lanarius. Calypso, the nymph of Ogygia, who kept Odysseus (Ulysses) with her seven years, I, 113. Campus (Martius), the open plain next to the Tiber outside the north wall of Rome; playground and drillground, I, 104. Canius, Gaius, a Roman knight, III, 58-60. Cannae, a town on the Aufidus in Apulia, scene of Hannibal's overwhelming defeat of the Romans (216), I, 40; III, 47, 113. Capitolium, the Capitoline Hill, between the forum and the Tiber, the citadel of Rome, with the temple of Jupiter and Good Faith, III, 104; place of augury, III, 66.