Marius, Gaius (157-87), seven times consul; gained his first consulship dishonourably, III, 79, 81; conquered Jugurtha (107); saved Rome from the invading Cimbri (102) and Teutons (101); a military genius, I, 76; cruel and selfish, he flooded the streets of Rome with her best blood in the civil war with Sulla. Marius; Marcus Marius Gratidianus, the son (or grandson) of Marcus Gratidius whose sister married Cicero's grandfather; adopted by a kinsman of the great Marius; hence his name; twice praetor; murdered by Catiline during Sulla's proscriptions, III, 67; his unbounded popularity in his first praetorship (86), III, 80-81. Mars, the god of war, III, 34. Marseilles (Massilia), a Greek city on the southern coast of Gaul, independent of the province; it sided with Pompey; Caesar captured the city after a protracted siege and exacted cruel vengeance, II, 28. Maximus; Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator, consul four times; in his second dictatorship (217) he won his surname by harassing Hannibal, watching his plans and working on the defensive, I, 84, 108. Medes, the people of Media, a great kingdom in central Asia Minor added to Persia by Cyrus, II, 41. Medus, a son of Medea and Aegeus; wandering in search of his mother he came to Colchis, where Medea saved his life; the subject of a tragedy of Pacuvius, I, 114. Melanippa, mother of Boeotus and Aeolus by Posidon (Neptune); blinded and imprisoned by her father, she was at last rescued by her sons and her sight was restored by Posidon; subject of a tragedy of Ennius, I, 114. Metellus; Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, won his surname by his victories over Andriscus (148); a political rival and yet a good friend of the younger Scipio, I, 87. Metellus; Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, nephew of the preceding, statesman and soldier; as consul (109), carried on the war with Jugurtha with distinguished success, III, 79. Metrodorus, of Lampsacus (330-277), the most distinguished of the disciples of Epicurus; his Epicureanism was of the grossly sensual sort; his conception of happiness misunderstood by Cicero, III, 117. Milo, Titus Annius, an unscrupulous and turbulent fellow; as tribune (57) he did much for Cicero's recall and made a sworn enemy of Clodius (_q.v._); hired gladiators to force his own election, II, 58; defended without success by Cicero for killing Clodius. Minerva, goddess of thought, temperament, wit, I, 97. Minos, son of Zeus (Jupiter) and king of Crete; because of his upright life he was made judge with Aeacus (_q.v._) in Hades, I, 97. Moderation, defined, I, 142. Modesty, I, 126-129. Mucius; _see_ Scaevola. Mummius; Lucius Mummius Achaicus, as consul (146) broke up the Achaean League, razed Corinth to the ground, I, 35; II, 46; carried to Italy untold treasures of wealth and art, II, 76.