Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
A representative group of 100 in the detention home at Newark, “chosen
entirely at random,” was examined by Mrs. Gifford, and reported by
herself and Dr. Goddard (_17_). In this group of 100 there were 66
between the ages of 14 and 17 who were at least four years retarded
mentally. Moreover, among these 66 “none tested over eleven and only a
few at that age.” Only average mental ages are published, so that we
cannot tell how many tested XI or X, but the statement quoted shows that
few of these 66 would test XI, and would thus be above our doubtful
class. We may, perhaps, suppose that about 66% of this group in the
Newark detention home tested as low as the randomly selected group at
Thorn Hill, Pittsburgh.
That the explanation of the excessive amount of deficiency found at
Newark lies in the inadequate provision for recognized feeble-mindedness
in that community is indicated by the Fourteenth Annual Report of the
Newark City Home. It states that “the lack of a state institution for
defective children made it necessary to commit to the City Home many
children, who, on account of physical defects and psychic disturbances,
have become juvenile delinquents.” A statistical table shows that of 181
boys, 151 were either illiterate or below the fifth grade in school in
spite of the fact that the average age of the boys at the school is 13
years. This shows clearly that the differences between the test results
at this institution and those in Minneapolis, Chicago, and elsewhere, is
not the result of different methods of giving the tests. It seems to be
mainly due to inadequate state provision for recognized feeble-minded
children.
Among the more serious juvenile court offenders we have a group of 1000
recidivists referred to Dr. William Healy at the Psychopathic Institute
connected with the Chicago Juvenile Court. The cases are not tabulated
separately for the sexes as to mentality. They were all under 21 and
averaged between 15 and 16 years of age. While he used the Binet tests
quite generally, as well as his own and Miss Fernald's series (_125_),
Dr. Healy has not summarized his data in reference to the test
standards. Nevertheless, according to his experience after the results
of the test examinations were known, he classified only 89 of these
cases as moron and 8 imbecile, a total of only 9.7% feeble-minded.
Another group above these amounting to 7.9% was classed as of “subnormal
mentality—considerable more educability than the feeble-minded” (_27_,
p. 139).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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