Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
An analogous problem arises when we consider the question of variations
in the maturity of different mental processes. Besides the question
whether the average curve is useful in view of the variation among
individuals in their rates of maturity for the same process, the
psychologists have a still more difficult problem about curves of
general ability. These curves are built by combining the results of
numerous psycho-physical tests which are very different in type. We need
to raise the question whether the type of process measured by memory for
digits, for example, matures at the same rate as those processes
measured by other memory tests: in general, how much a single test or
combination of tests represents a common process. Furthermore, we need
to inquire whether processes measured by memory tests mature like those
measured by tests emphasizing reasoning, imagination, motor ability and
other groups of activities. We thus have the problems of the different
rates of maturity of the different tested processes in the same
individual and of common tendencies among these specific processes.
In order more clearly to present this problem of the significance of
developmental curves for different processes, I have brought together
the age norms from 8 to 14 years for 40 tests as given by different
investigators. No norms were included which were not based on tests of
at least 25 individuals. After 14 years the data which have been
collected are open to the objection that the norms for the older ages
would be seriously affected by the fact that they were obtained upon
children remaining in school, usually in the elementary school, _i. e._,
upon groups, among which a large portion of those of better or of poorer
ability had been eliminated. The relative position of the norms for
older ages are, therefore, not comparable with those of children who are
of the ages of compulsory attendance. The results published are
inadequate below 8 years for most of the tests, so I have not extended
the curves to earlier ages. In 14 instances the data for boys and girls
were only given separately. In these I have used the norms for the boys.
A prepubertal break in a combined curve may, therefore, indicate a sex
difference. In most cases the norms were given for the sexes combined,
and the difference is unimportant for the points considered.
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