Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
The character of this group of 123 randomly selected delinquents is
further indicated by the fact that 69 of them had already been brought
into court two or more times, 54 were first offenders. Boys are sent to
Glen Lake whenever the nature of their delinquency or the conditions at
home, together with the personality of the boy, seem to the court to
require this special training. A summary of the offenses for which the
boys were brought into court does not, therefore, show the character of
the boy as it is known to the court through the evidence and the
efficient service of the probation officers. It shows, however, that the
last offenses for which this group were being disciplined were as
follows: Petit larceny 29, truancy 25, incorrigibility 25, burglary 9,
grand larceny 6, disorderly conduct 4, malicious destruction of property
4, trespass 3, sweeping grain cars 3, breaking and entering 3, indecent
conduct 2, miscellaneous offenses one each 8, total 123. Perhaps a more
important indication of the character of the offenders in this group is
that they represent about a quarter of the cases brought before the
juvenile court during the period of this study, a little over a year.
With the exception of a very few cases sent directly to the State
Industrial School they may thus be regarded as typically the worst
quarter of the delinquent boys under 17 years of age in Minneapolis.
The majority of boys were tested by myself after several year's
experience with the clinic in mental development at the University of
Minnesota and after examining many other delinquents. Some were tested
by assistants from the university clinic, Mrs. Marie C. Nehls and Mr.
Harold D. Kitson, who had been specially trained for this. Their
detailed reports were carefully gone over and evaluated. The Binet 1908
series (_136_) was used, except that for tests above XII either tests
XIII were used, or later these were supplemented by two other tests,
which have been placed in the age XV group or adult groups, in the
revisions of the Binet scale published by Goddard (_110_) or Kuhlmann
(_135_). This variation was of small importance since a boy was regarded
as of passable intellect if he scored X.8. We always gave the three
tests of the XIII group and the boy was credited with age XIII if he
passed two out of the original XIII year tests or four out of five tests
given above XII. In accordance with our conservative position the rule
of this 1908 scale for scoring was followed and the boy credited with
the highest age for which he passed all but one test, plus one year for
each five higher tests passed. This is the basis of the 1908 form of the
scale as standardized by Goddard. Appendix II gives the detailed results
for each boy with exact life-age and tenths of test-age on the scale,
basal test-age with the tests, grade in school at the first of September
when he was of this life-age and offense for which he was being
disciplined. It also indicates which boys were repeaters.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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