Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
In demobilizing the industry which was producing our railway
artillery, the Ordnance Department again availed itself of the
opportunity to provide for the future defense of the United States;
and in this branch of war industry, too, we find the same tapering-off
process after the armistice, the completion of some materials which
were nearing completion at the time of the armistice, and the retention
of machinery to provide for a possible future industry. As a result
of these measures, the Atlantic seaboard is now defended by a system
of powerful guns mounted on railway cars and capable of being moved
on the regular railroad tracks, supplemented by new tracks laid both
during and since the war by the Coast Artillery Corps, to any point
which may be in need of defense. Before 1917 all our coast-defense
guns were mounted on fixed emplacements at the forts. Camp Abraham
Eustis, which sprang into existence during the war as the embarkation
camp for artillery at Newport News, has been turned over permanently
to the Coast Artillery Corps and is now the headquarters for the Coast
Artillery Railway Brigade. Fortunately the railway units nearest
completion on the day of the armistice were those best suited for use
along the seacoast.
The project to build railway artillery, it should be understood,
was one of producing mounts for guns most of which were already in
existence. These guns came principally from the fixed mounts in the
coastal defenses, but some of them from the Navy and other sources.
The guns ranged in size from the 7-inch rifles, procured from the
Navy, to 16-inch howitzers, one of which had been built experimentally
by the Ordnance Department before 1917. Two or three of the railway
projects--such as that of the 7-inch navy guns and that of the three
12-inch guns originally manufactured for Chile, but commandeered
at the gun plant by the United States--were complete on the day
of the armistice. When the Ordnance Department faced the task of
terminating the industry, there were eight incomplete projects in
railway artillery. Two were canceled outright; in three others partial
production after the armistice was permitted; and the final three were
carried through completely.
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