Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The air service contracts outstanding on the first day of the armistice
obligated the Government to accept completed materials to the value
of $767,423,308.50. Completed materials and raw and semi-finished
materials accepted by the Government in the settlement with the
contractors after the armistice reached a value of $259,733,874.30.
Thus the contracts and parts of contracts terminated in the liquidation
accounted for a cancellation of work to the value of $509,689,434.20.
In addition to accepting and paying for the materials, the Government
paid in cash to the producers in settlement of their claims the sum of
$94,013,776.51. Hundreds of contractors accepted the statutory $1.00
and relieved the Government of all financial obligation.
For the sole or leading purpose of creating reserves for future use by
the Army, there was little or no production of air supplies after the
armistice. Leaving aside all questions of the obsolescence of design,
no major class of military supplies is less durable in storage than
aircraft materials. Like an egg, an airplane or a balloon cannot be
slightly bad and still be usable. It must be 100-per-cent perfect,
or it is dangerous. The life of rubber is short even under the most
favorable conditions. The rubber in balloon fabric does not escape
this swift impairment. The rubber tires of airplanes deteriorate with
equal rapidity. The laminated and glued joints of the wooden wing
beams of airplanes expand, contract, and work loose in the varying
humidity of the surrounding air and are soon weakened below the safety
point. Propellers are also highly sensitive to changes in humidity and
temperature. Storage batteries, when stacked together in storage, wear
out in a few months, each cell apparently working upon and adversely
affecting its neighbors. Bolted wing cloth, when left folded, becomes
weak along the creases. Of all aviation supplies, engines are the least
susceptible to deterioration in storage.
In view of these considerations, such production of aircraft and
aviation supplies as was permitted after the armistice was undertaken
almost solely in the interest of the contractors and their employees.
Most of the factories were allowed to continue in operation under
war contracts only until they had used up materials in process of
manufacture when the armistice was signed. Even this operation was
conducted at a reduced rate. The airplane contracts had called for a
delivery of 27,000 planes in all. The production under these contracts,
in exact figures, amounted to 11,754 planes before the armistice and
1,732 afterwards, a total of 13,486 airplanes produced by the American
factories. Contract terminations canceled the production of about an
equal number.
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