Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
Like the storied mill which ground salt until it swamped the ship of
the thieving merchant, the mill producing quartermaster supplies before
the armistice was hard to stop afterwards, and its output embarrassed
the War Department for want of space in which to store the excess
supplies. As long as the home Army and the A. E. F. were expanding in
size and the convoys grew in size and frequency, there was no critical
backing-up of supplies. Immediately after the armistice, however, the
order came to ship no more freight to France, except food and other
necessaries specifically requested. At the time of the armistice there
were 600,000 tons of supplies on the docks in this country and 400,000
other tons moving toward the seaboard. Since the mills kept right
on producing more, the flood of new materials inundated the supply
service in this country. In December, 1918, the Storage Service was
operating 65,000,000 square feet of warehouse space in the United
States. A year later it was occupying nearly 400,000,000 square feet,
three-fourths of which was leased. A large quantity of this space
was open storage, unprotected from the elements. These figures are
exclusive of the quantities of warehousing and open storage occupied
by the various technical bureaus, such as the Ordnance Department, the
Air Service, and the Signal Corps. The operation of the general storage
facilities was the charge of the Director of Storage, one of the chief
functionaries of the Division of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic.
An even greater problem than storage was the disposition of the
enormous surpluses of goods which accumulated after the armistice. The
first concern of the War Department in approaching this question was
the military future of the United States. In 1914 much was made of the
thoroughness of German military preparation, which had been such that,
when the fatal hour struck and the conscripts by hundreds of thousands
left their homes and poured into the German barracks, for every man
there was waiting ready a uniform, shoes, a helmet, underclothing, and
everything needed to prepare him immediately for service in the field.
What Germany had been able to accomplish by premeditated, long, and
expensive effort, the United States now derives as a by-product of the
war Germany forced it to fight. America, too, is now prepared in these
minute details. Before any of the surplus quartermaster stocks were set
aside for sale or other disposition, a complete and balanced selection
of uniforms, overcoats, underclothing, socks, caps, shoes, and other
nonperishable articles in the individual equipment of troops, in
quantities sufficient to outfit an army of approximately 1,000,000 men,
was set aside and placed in indefinite storage. In addition, stores of
such supplies were retained for the future consumption of the regular
standing Army, of the National Guard, and of the Reserve Officers’
Training Corps.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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