Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
In December, 1918, the Service redelivered ships of approximately
189,000 deadweight tons. In January the redelivered ships aggregated
461,000 deadweight tons; in February, 470,000; and in March occurred
the heaviest redelivery, amounting to approximately 532,000 deadweight
tons. Redeliveries crossed the two-million-deadweight-ton mark shortly
after the middle of April. By June most of the cargo transports had
been restored to their owners, except those which had been converted
into troop carriers. On June 15 the Army began dispensing with the
use of battleships and cruisers, the last of the twenty-four being
withdrawn on August 1. The break-up of the troop fleet began in earnest
on August 1, and by the first anniversary of the armistice most of the
chartered troopships had gone back to commercial work.
Many questions of admiralty law arose in connection with the
restoration of the transports to the merchant marine. The legal branch
of the Transportation Service on the day of the armistice consisted
of but two lawyers. By that time a large number of maritime claims
awaiting adjudication had accumulated, and it was recognized that such
claims would multiply during the progress of negotiations leading to
the redelivery of the vessels. With much difficulty the Service built
up a force of twenty admiralty lawyers. In fact, the War Department,
after the armistice, was so badly in need of lawyers for use in the
liquidation of war business, that for several months it was forced to
maintain the rule that no man of legal training should be discharged
from the military service.
In breaking up the fleet of troop transports the Transportation Service
found opportunity to create for the War Department a large permanent
reserve of troopships without expense to the Government for their
maintenance. The German and Austrian ships seized by the Government at
the outset of the war became in large part the property of the Army.
Most of these vessels were admirably adapted to war service, but they
were too large and too costly in operation to justify their continuance
in the transport service of the peace-time establishment. Consequently
the Transportation Service turned thirteen of them over to the Shipping
Board under an agreement providing for their charter to private
operators, subject to their recall by the Army in the event of another
war. These ships can accommodate approximately 50,000 troops at once.
All of the special military fittings have been classified and stored
away ready for use again, if it ever becomes necessary.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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