[Illustration] DESCRIPTIVE ZOOPRAXOGRAPHY OR THE SCIENCE OF ANIMAL LOCOMOTION MADE POPULAR BY EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE WITH SELECTED OUTLINE TRACINGS REDUCED FROM SOME OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS OF "ANIMAL LOCOMOTION" AN ELECTRO-PHOTOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF CONSECUTIVE PHASES OF ANIMAL MOVEMENTS, COMMENCED 1872, COMPLETED 1885, AND PUBLISHED 1887, UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA * * * * * PUBLISHED AS A MEMENTO OF A SERIES OF LECTURES GIVEN BY THE AUTHOR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUREAU OF EDUCATION AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, IN ZOOPRAXOGRAPHICAL HALL 1893 * * * * * UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1893 * * * * * COPYRIGHTED, 1893, BY EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE The Lakeside Press R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS CO., CHICAGO * * * * * SOME OF THE SUBSCRIBERS TO "ANIMAL LOCOMOTION." THE ORIGINAL AUTOGRAPHS ARE ON THE SUBSCRIPTION BOOK IN THE POSSESSION OF THE AUTHOR. [Illustration] * * * * * [Illustration] PREFACE. In the summer of 1892 while the Author was in California, preparing for a Lecturing tour through Australia and India, he received an invitation from the Fine Arts Commission of the World's Columbian Exposition to give a series of Lectures on ZOOPRAXOGRAPHY in association with the Exposition now being held in Chicago. As these Lectures under the more familiar title of "The Science of Animal Locomotion in Its Relation to Design in Art" had already been given at nearly all the principal Institutions of Art, Science and Education in Europe and in the United States, (see appendix A) the Author was induced to believe that they might be repeated in a popular manner at the Exposition, with some appreciation of the importance of the facts which his investigation has revealed, not merely by the student of Nature or of Art, but by that large and important class of students, known as the general public. Under this impression he delayed his far Occidental expedition and returned to Chicago to find a commodious theater erected for this special purpose on the grounds of the Exposition, to which the name of Zoöpraxographical Hall had been given; the Science of Zoöpraxography having had its origin in the Author's first experiments in 1872. It is not intended in this monograph to give more than a synopsis of the usual course of Lectures on the subject, nor to reproduce any of the pictured or sculptured representations which are necessary for its proper elucidation, but merely to describe the common methods of limb action adopted by quadrupeds--especially by the horse--in their various acts of progressive motion, and to illustrate the most important phases of these movements by tracings from the original photogravures of the Author's work.