Descriptive Zoopraxography; or, the science of animal locomotion made popularMuybridge, Eadweard
Science
Descriptive Zoopraxography; or, the science of animal locomotion made popular
Muybridge, Eadweard
Animal locomotion
A STRIDE is an act of progressive animal motion, which, for its completion,
requires all of the supporting members of the body, in the exercise of
their proper functions, to be consecutively and regularly thrust in the
direction of the movement until they hold the same relative positions in
respect to each other as they did at the commencement of the notation. In
the bipedal walk or run a step is one-half of a stride or full round
movement. With all quadrupeds, except the kangaroo and other jumpers,
_four_ steps are necessary to complete the stride.
THE WALK.
The WALK is a method of progressive motion with a regular individual
succession of limb movements. In the evolution of the terrestrial
vertebrates the walk was probably the first adopted method of locomotion,
and its execution is regulated by the law that the movement of the
_superior_ limb precedes the movement of its lateral _inferior_ limb. This
is proved not merely by the _ordinary_ quadrupedal walk, but by the
suspended motion of the sloth; the crawling of the child upon the ground,
the erect walk of man; and the inverse limb movements of the ape tribe.
The relative time intervals of the foot-fallings vary greatly with many
species of animals, and even with the same animal under different
conditions.
Selecting the horse for the purpose of illustration we find that during the
walk--his slowest progressive movement--he has always two, and for a
varying period of time, or distance, three feet on the ground at once,
while during a very slow walk the support will devolve alternately upon
three feet and upon four feet.
[Illustration: SOME CONSECUTIVE PHASES OF THE WALK.]
If the notation of the foot-fallings commences with the landing of the
right hind foot, the order in which the other feet are placed upon the
ground will be: the right fore, the left hind, and the left fore,
commencing again with the right hind.
Assuming that our observation of the stride of a horse during an ordinary
walk commences with the landing of the right hind foot, the body will then
be supported by both hind and the left fore feet. The left hind is now
lifted, the support of the body devolves upon the diagonals--the right hind
and left fore--and continues so supported until the left hind is in the act
of passing to the front of the right; when the right fore is next placed on
the ground. The left fore is now raised, and the body is supported by the
right laterals, until the landing of the left hind foot relieves its fellow
hind of a portion of its weight. Two steps or one-half of a stride have now
been made, and with the substitution of the right feet for the left, two
other steps will be executed in practically the same manner, and a full
stride will have been completed. We thus see that during the walk a
quadruped is supported by eight different methods, the supporting limbs
being consecutively:
Both hind and left fore.
Right hind and left fore _diagonals_.
Right hind and both fore.
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