Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
The division of the entablature is the same as that of the Ionic, and
the mouldings, although more elaborate, are similar in character. The
architrave and frieze are each three-tenths of the height and the
cornice four-tenths.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the diameters of the three
orders are respectively one-eighth, one-ninth and one-tenth the heights
of the columns, and that the entablature is, in the Doric, two diameters
high or one fourth the height of the column; in the Corinthian also two
diameters or one-fifth the height of the column. The Ionic is
intermediate between the two.
_Doric Entablatures_
The Doric cornice is three-quarters of a diameter in height and one
diameter in projection from the face of the frieze, which should always
be in vertical alignment with the architrave.
It is convenient to divide the cornice height into three. The upper
third consists of a crowning cavetto moulding, supported by a cyma
reversa, under which is a facia or corona, in turn supported by a dentil
course. The lower third should be taken as the centre of the dentil
course, and if the height from the top of the cavetto to the underside
of the corona be bisected, the point of bisection should fall in the
centre of the intervening reversa.
_Mutules_
In orthodox examples of the order the underside or soffit of the corona
is decorated with a series of sunk panels. Those immediately over the
triglyphs of the frieze are occupied by rows of conical drops. A
variation of this and a treatment frequently employed is a series of
brackets known as mutules. They consist of a facia and a reversa, which
is carried round the upper edge to support the corona. When mutules are
used the dentil course is omitted.
[Illustration: No. 155. Doric Entablature, Vignola.]
The dentils are rectilinear blocks on a flat projecting band, and they
are supported by a cyma reversa moulding. A fillet beneath this moulding
completes the cornice. The reversa is about the same height as the
fillet, and the dentil course is about twice this height, but owing to
the soffit of the corona sloping slightly upward and inwards the full
height of the dentil facia is not apparent when drawn in elevation.
[Illustration: No. 156. Doric Entablature, with Mutules.]
Above the dentil facia is a small cavetto moulding and a fillet. These
are directly beneath the corona, and are carried round to form the
panels on its soffit.
The Doric frieze is three-quarters of a diameter high. It is divided
into panels technically known as metopes, by projecting features half a
diameter in width which are called triglyphs.
The metopes should be square, and one of the triglyphs is always placed
immediately over each column, having the same central axis, hence the
spacing of the columns apart is regulated by the triglyphs and metopes.
Examples of various spacings of columns will be given later.
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