Determination of the Atomic Weight of Cadmium and the Preparation of Certain of Its Sub-CompoundsJones, Harry C. (Harry Clary)
Science
Determination of the Atomic Weight of Cadmium and the Preparation of Certain of Its Sub-Compounds
Jones, Harry C. (Harry Clary)
Atomic weights; Cadmium; Thesis (Ph. D.)
It affords me great pleasure to express my sincere thanks to Professor
Remsen for his instruction and personal supervision during my entire
connection with the University; to Dr. Morse, under whose immediate
guidance the work described in this dissertation was completed; to
Dr. Renouf for valuable assistance in qualitative chemistry and to
Dr. Williams, with whom the branches of mineralogy and geology were
followed as subordinate subjects.
Determination of the Atomic Weight of Cadmium.
Introduction and Historical statement.
A careful examination of the literature on the atomic weight of cadmium
will convince any one that considerable uncertainty yet remains in
reference to this constant. Six experimenters have worked on this
problem but the results of no one of them can be accepted as being more
accurate than those of all others. The value assigned to cadmium varies
from 111.48 to 112.32 on the basis of oxygen = 16. The best work has
apparently been done by von Hauer, Lenssen and Huntington. The results
of these three seem entitled to about equal confidence, yet the figure
obtained by von Hauer differs from that of Huntington by three tenths
of a unit.
The more prominent difficulties which have been encountered were:
First. The preparation of cadmium compounds free from all
impurities, and which at the same time were well adapted
to weighing.
Second. The lack of a thoroughly simple and exact method
for the analysis of cadmium compounds.
Third. Insufficient care in weighing in many cases whereby
small errors were introduced into the results.
The methods which have been employed are:
1 Conversion of the metal into the oxide. (Stromeyer).
2 Conversion of the sulphate into the sulphide. (von Hauer
and Partridge).
3 Decomposition of the oxalate to the oxide. (Lenssen and
Partridge).
4 Determination of the chlorine in cadmium chloride, by
which the relation between the chloride and metallic silver
was established. (Dumas.)
5 Precipitation of the bromine in cadmium bromide as silver
bromide. (Huntington.)
6 The conversion of the oxalate into the sulphide.
(Partridge.)
The different pieces of work will be taken up in chronological order
and briefly considered.
Stromeyer, Schurigg Journ. 22, 366. 1818, determined the atomic weight
of cadmium a short time after the discovery of the element. He does
not describe his method in detail but established the relation between
cadmium and oxygen to be:
Cd : O = 100 : 14.352.
If the atomic weight of oxygen = 16,
” ” ” ” cadmium = 111.483.
The very low result as compared with all subsequent work was probably
due to the presence of a small amount of zinc, since the cadmium used
was obtained from zinc ores and no adequate means of separation from
the zinc is described.
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