From the above sketch some necessary conditions are clear, which must be fulfilled if there is to be a chance for a future development in Islam. Education must be widely extended. The proportion of trained minds must be greatly increased and the barrier between them and the commonalty removed. The economy of teaching has failed; it has destroyed the doctrine which it sought to protect. Again, the slavery of the disciple to the master must cease. It must always be possible for the student, in defiance of _taqlid_, to go back to first principles or to the primary facts and to disregard what the great Imams and Mujtahids have taught. So much of health there was in the Zahirite system. Third, these primary facts must include the facts of natural science. The student, emancipated from the control of the schools, must turn from the study of himself to an examination of the great world. And that examination must not be cosmological but biological; it must not lose itself in the infinities but find itself in concrete realities. It must experiment and test rather than build lofty hypotheses. But can the oriental mind thus deny itself? The English educational experiment in Egypt may go far to answer that question. APPENDICES I. ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS TRANSLATED FROM THE ARABIC. II. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY. III. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. APPENDIX I 1. ASH-SHAHRASTANI ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSLIM SECTS. 2. TWO TRADITIONS FROM MUHAMMAD ON THE ESSENTIALS OF ISLAM. 3. A SHORT CREED BY AL-ASH‘ARI. 4. A SHORT CREED BY AL-GHAZZALI. 5. A SHORT CREED BY AN-NASAFI (MATARIDITE). 6. A SCHOLASTIC EXPOSITION OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THEOLOGY. 7. ANALYSIS OF A TREATISE IN CANON LAW. Notes have been added where such appeared called for, but the index, facilitating reference to the body of the book, renders a full commentary unnecessary. The student should use the index as a vocabulary of technical terms, referring for their explanation to the passages where they occur. I ASH-SHAHRASTANI ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSLIM SECTS