The particle _de_ sometimes gives a subjunctive sense when it is added to nouns; e.g., _varãbe de xinda_ 'he died a child, or when he was a child,' _vare ga buchófó de tofó mo gozanai_ (163v)[135] [... _buchôfó_ ...] 'since I am clumsy and not careful, nothing will work out in a way that will be harmonious.' The particle _ió_ 'way' is added to the roots of verbs and also to the {154} verbs themselves. When the root governs the genitive, the verb governs the same case; e.g., _cono qiǒ no iomi ió va_ 'the way of (47 reading this book,' or _cono qió vo iomu iǒ va_. In the first sentence _qiǒ_ is in the genitive with the particle _no_; in the second sentence it is in the accusative with _vo_ because _yomu_ governs this case. _Tei_ signifies an extraordinary and marvelous way of doing something; e.g., _machicanuru tei vo goron jerarei_ (122)[136] 'might your Lordship observe the way that they are expectant.' Also, _arisama_ means 'way,' _me mo aterarenu arisama gia_ 'it is a way, or a form (_figura_), which is unable to be seen.' _Sama_ indicates the time of the action of the verb to which it is added while governing the case required by the verb. It is added to the root of the verb; e.g., _saqe vo nomi sama ni_ (105) 'when he actually drank the wine,' _iado ie caieri sama ni_ (105) 'when he returned home,' _fune iori agari sama ni_ (105) 'when he actually disembarked from the ship,' _fune ni nori sama ni_ 'when he actually boarded the ship.' When there are in a sentence two verbs whose actions form a single action, the first verb is put into the form of the gerund in _Do_; e.g., _mizzu vo motte coi_ 'bring some water, or come bringing water,' _fune vo voite coi_ 'bring the boat here, or come poling the boat,' _core vo totte iqe_ 'take this, or carry this and go.' The gerund in _Do_ when added to verbs of asking, giving, or doing, means that one is asking to know or to acquire the thing which is indicated by the verb to which it is added; e.g., _nifon guchi vo voxiiete cure io_ 'teach me Japanese,' _sǒ voxerarete cudasaruru na_ [_sǒ vôxerarete_ ...] 'your Lordship ought not say that,' _Deus no coto vo catatte tamǒre_ 'do me the favor of relating to me those things which pertain to God.' The particle _mo_ placed after the gerund in _Do_, whether it ends in _te_ or _de_, means 'although'; e.g., _sǒ mǒxite mo_ 'although you say so,' _ica fodo susumete mo, corobu mai_ 'no matter how much you try to persuade me, I will not deny the faith.' They also use _sǒ mǒxeba atte mo_ 'even if you say that,' _dǒxitemo cǒxitemo_ (134v) 'what ever you do.'