When _vo_ follows _n_ it loses its _v_; e.g., _go von o uqetatematçutta_ 'I received benefits.'[181] Adverbs are always placed before their verbs except for the adverbs of time which are placed at the beginning of the sentence; e.g., _sore vo qijte iccó xicari maraxita_ 'hearing that he was very angry,' _qiô nen espana cara vatatta toqi_ [_qio nen_ ...] 'when I sailed from Spain last year.' Each verb requires before it a subject in the nominative case, either expressed or understood; e.g., _vare iqe_ or _iqe_ 'come!', where the _vare_ is understood. In some sentences this rule is not respected; e.g., _xisai voba core ni mósare maraxozu_ [... _maraxôzu_] 'he will explain, or give the reason for this.' In the following case we do not see the nominative, but rather _are ni va_, which is in the dative or ablative; _are ni va, navo voixri atta_ [... _voxiri atta_] 'he knows better.' In this sentence the _are ni va_ ought to be in the nominative. _Cacaru vo ni va cogane no cusari vo icusugi mo tçuqeta dógu de gozaru_ (138v) 'for a necklace (_torques_) he had a chain of gold with many links.' _Core ni va gozonji aru mai_ 'Your Lordship does not know (64 about this.' Here the _core ni va_ replaces the accusative which is governed by _zonji,uru_. The impersonal verb or the infinitive requires a nominative before it; e.g., _Pedro va maitta to mósu_ 'they say that Peter came.' The verb _iri,u_, which means 'to need,' governs two nominatives, one for the thing and the other for the person in need; e.g., _vatacuxi va cono cane ga iru_ 'I need, or I have a necessity for this money.' It also governs the dative for the person; e.g., _sono tame ni va cane ga iranu_ 'he does not need any gold, or money.' The active verb requires the accusative before it; e.g., _cane vo motanu_ 'I have no money.' Certain _cobita_ or _coie_ nouns, as we have said above, are borrowed from Chinese and govern the same cases as the Japanese verbs to which {172} they correspond; e.g., _niva vo qenbut no aida ni mexi vo coxiraie io_ 'prepare the food while we visit the garden.' The noun _qenbut_ requires the accusative _niva vo_. The same is true with _fito ni guenzan suru_ (97) which is like _fito ni vó_ 'I meet the man.' The _guenzan_ governs the dative just as does the verb _ai,ó_. When a borrowed word (_vocabulum cobitum_)[182] is a compound of two elements it is possible to determine if it is a verb by seeing if the first part has the meaning of a verb; e.g., _jóten_ is a verb which means 'to ascend to heaven' with the _jǒ_ meaning to 'go up.' _Tenjǒ_ is a noun in which the _jǒ_ is placed after the _ten_ and means 'heaven.' The passive verb has the ablative for its agent (_persona agente_); e.g., _Pedro cara corosareta_ 'he was killed by Peter,' but it is better that it govern the dative; e.g., _Pedro ni corosareta_, or _Pedro va nusubito ni cane vo torareta_ 'Peter had his money stolen by thieves.'