_Framing of Schutte-Lanz Type._ It has become customary to refer to all large German airships as Zeppelins, but many of those used during the past three years have been of the Schutte-Lanz build, which is also a rigid frame type of dirigible but has been designed with a view of overcoming some of the disadvantages of the aluminum frame construction encountered in the use of the Zeppelin. The length and diameter of the latter airships are such that, no matter how rigidly the framing is assembled, there is more or less sag. When the sag exceeds a certain amount, the frame is apt to buckle at the point where it occurs, involving expensive repairs or wrecking the airship altogether. To overcome this difficulty, the Schutte-Lanz type employs a rigid frame of flexible material, namely, laminated wood in strip form, held together at joints and crossings by aluminum fittings and braced inside by cables. As shown by Fig. 19, no rigid longitudinal beams are employed, the only girders used being rings, to which a network built of the wood strips is attached. Starting at the nose, each continuous strip follows an open spiral path such as would be traced in the air by a screw of very large pitch, in fact, approximating the rifling of a gun barrel. It will also be noted from the illustration that the form of the Schutte-Lanz airship is the cigar-shape, which laboratory research has shown to be the most efficient. [Illustration: Fig. 19. Schutte-Lanz Type of Frame Construction of Laminated Wood with Aluminum Fittings] The use of wood in conjunction with the spiral construction of the supporting members of the framing affords the maximum degree of flexibility, since the displacement of any of these members under stresses of either tension or compression would have to be very great to cause damage to the frame as a whole. The frame not being rigid, strictly speaking, either as units or as a complete assembly, stress at any particular point would simply cause all the members near that point to give in the direction of the strain, and the rest of the frame would accommodate itself to their change of position by either elongating or shortening slightly. In addition to these advantages, the Schutte-Lanz type of construction is said to be lighter than the Zeppelin for an airship of the same load-carrying capacity.