Focal necroses of the spleen affecting chiefly follicular centres but also chords, are not at all uncommon in avian spleens, especially where parasitism occurs, not only with hemic protozoa and embryos, but also with intestinal or visceral nematodes and trematodes. SPLEEN IN ANEMIA. The spleen in the anemias shows much less definite change than one would expect. In the secondary form of anemia among mammals one finds a slight excess of pigmentation and an occasional fibrosis but often the size of the organ is recorded as normal. When the impoverished blood seems secondary to skeletal degenerations there is a diffuse or follicular enlargement. In the birds, on the other hand, there is nearly always some grade of enlargement which is due in the well studied examples to a richness of blood cells. There may be a slight increase in follicles, but these bodies are usually small and solid. In two instances a prominence of large endothelial cells was discovered. Pigment is seldom increased, but it may be very excessive. In the primary anemias little more than the above is to be found. Fibrosis is more evident and perhaps pigmentation less so, but the variations are more of degree than kind. The spleen in leucemia can only be discussed upon the case already reported (_q. v._). [Illustration: FIG. 7.—EUROPEAN BADGER (MELES MELES). PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS. THE ENORMOUSLY ENLARGED SPLEEN IS SEEN LYING ACROSS THE STOMACH BELOW THE LIVER, WHICH ORGAN IS EXCEEDED IN SIZE BY IT. ] SPLEEN IN HEPATIC FIBROSES.