Francis J. Grund was also able to appreciate the difference between
external servility and true self-respect, for he writes in 1837: “There
are but few native Americans who would submit to the degradation of
wearing a livery, or any other badge of servitude. This they would
call becoming a man’s man. But, on the other hand, there are also but
few American gentlemen who would feel any happier for their servants
wearing coats of more than one color. The inhabitants of New England are
quite as willing to call their servants ‘helps,’ or ‘domestics,’ as the
latter repudiate the title of ‘master’ in their employers.” And he adds,
“Neither is an American servant that same indolent, careless, besotted
being as an European.” He has another word of praise too for the American
servants, “who work harder, and _quicker_ than even in England.”[159]
The absence of livery was a subject of constant comment. William Cobbett,
in 1828, asserts that “the man (servant) will not wear a _livery_, any
more than he will wear a halter round his neck.... Neither men nor women
will allow you to call them _servants_, and they will take especial
care not to call themselves by that name.” He explains the avoidance of
the term “servant” by the fact that slaves were called servants by the
English, who having fled from tyranny at home were shy of calling others
slaves; free men therefore would not be called servants.[160]
But while the democratic spirit that prevailed during this period found
commendation in the eyes of those of similar tendencies, it often
evoked only mild surprise or a half sneer. Mrs. Trollope found that
“the greatest difficulty in organizing a family established in Ohio,
is getting servants, or, as it is there called, ‘getting help,’ for it
is more than petty treason to the Republic to call a free citizen a
_servant_.”[161] Chevalier asserted that “on Sunday an American would
not venture to receive his friends; his servants would not consent to
it, and he can hardly secure their services for himself, at their own
hour, on that day.”[162] Samuel Breck considers that “in these United
States nothing would be wanting to make life perfectly happy (humanly
speaking) had we good servants.”[163] Isabella Bird wrote of Canada in
1854, “The great annoyance of which people complain in this pleasant land
is the difficulty of obtaining domestic servants, and the extraordinary
specimens of humanity who go out in this capacity.” “The difficulty of
procuring servants is one of the great objections to this colony. The
few there are know nothing of any individual department of work,—for
instance, there are neither cooks nor housemaids, they are strictly
‘_helps_,’—the mistress being expected to take more than her fair share
of the work.”[164] The conditions she found there were the same as in the
United States.
Thomas Grattan wrote of the condition:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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