=============+=======================+======================== | Per cent of domestic | Per cent of women in | servants as compared | domestic service as CITIES | with the total number | compared with the | of persons in all | total number of women | gainful occupations | in all gainful | | occupations -------------+-----------------------+------------------------ Washington | 17.10 | 40.46 Richmond | 16.66 | 40.36 Atlanta | 5.43 | 36.72 Memphis | 5.21 | 39.07 Nashville | 4.61 | 38.69 Camden | 5.89 | 26.13 Trenton | 6.13 | 26.07 Lowell | 4.48 | 10.29 Paterson | 3.34 | 10.84 Fall River | 2.82 | 6.98 =============+=======================+======================== (7) Neither per capita wealth nor aggregate wealth has an appreciable influence in determining the number of servants in cities. Three illustrations of this are seen: (1) Washington, Richmond, Atlanta, Memphis, and Nashville rank respectively as regards per capita wealth, 13, 27, 19, 24, and 41, although they are the five cities that head the list in the proportion of servants to the total population; (2) Lowell and Fall River are at the foot of the list as regards the proportion of servants, but rank 10 and 12 in per capita wealth; (3) Nashville ranks fifth in the number of servants and Paterson forty-ninth, while both rank nearly the same in point of wealth.[205] There are indeed many instances where there is apparent connection between these two conditions, but they seem rather to be illustrations of the following point: (8) The prevailing industry of a city, rather than its population or wealth, determines the number of domestic employees. This conclusion seems to follow naturally as a result of the two previous propositions, but a few other facts in support of it may be mentioned. In eleven of the fifty principal cities the proportion of domestic servants to the total population is smaller than is the proportion in the states in which they are severally located.[206] The leading occupation in each of these cities is some form of manufacturing, and in each of them the proportion of persons engaged in manufacturing processes is larger than, with few exceptions, in the other cities. This fact explains the apparent contradiction between this statement and the one that domestic servants are found in the largest proportions in the largest cities.