"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Morgan had eagerly accepted this independent command because he thought
at least 2,500 militiamen would join his 500 Continentals and Virginia
six-months men. With an army that size, he could have besieged or even
stormed the British stronghold at Ninety Six. His present force seemed
too small to do the enemy any damage. But it was large enough to give
its commander numerous headaches. In addition to the major worry of
annihilation by the enemy, food was scarce. The country along the
Pacolet had been plundered and fought over for so long, there was
nothing left to requisition from the farms. On December 31, in a letter
to Greene, Morgan predicted that in a few days supplies would be
“unattainable.”
What to do? The only practical move he could see for his feeble army was
a march into Georgia. The British outpost at Augusta was weaker and more
isolated than Ninety Six. Even here, Morgan was cautious. “I have
consulted with General Davidson and Colonel Pickens whether we could
secure a safe retreat, should we be pushed by a superior force. They
tell me it can be easily effected,” he wrote Greene, asking his approval
of this plan.
Morgan was reluctant to advance beyond the Pacolet. The reason was
rooted in his keen understanding of the psychology of the average
militiaman. He wanted to come out, fight and go home as soon as
possible. He did not want to fight if the regular army that was supposed
to look the enemy in the face seemed more interested in showing the
enemy their backs. “Were we to advance, and be constrained to retreat,
the consequences would be very disagreeable,” Morgan told Greene,
speaking as one general to another. The militia, he was saying, would go
home.
Greene was equally anxious about Morgan. Writing from Cheraw Hills on
the Pee Dee River on December 29, the southern commander told Morgan of
the arrival of Gen. Alexander Leslie in Charleston with reinforcements.
This news meant the British would almost certainly advance soon. “Watch
their motions very narrowly and take care to guard against a surprise,”
he wrote. A week later, in another letter, he repeated the warning. “The
enemy and the Tories both will try to bring you into disgrace ... to
prevent your influence upon the militia, especially the weak and
wavering.”
Greene vetoed Morgan’s expedition into Georgia. He did not think Morgan
was strong enough to accomplish much. “The enemy ... secure in their
fortifications, will take no notice of your movement,” he predicted.
Greene was persuaded that Cornwallis would strike at his half of the
army in their camp at Cheraw Hills, and he did not want Morgan in
Georgia if this threat materialized. Ignoring Morgan’s worries about
feeding his men, Greene told him to stay where he was, on the Pacolet or
“in the neighborhood,” and await an opportunity to attack the British
rear when they marched into North Carolina.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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