"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Morgan mulled this advice while his men guarded the fords of the
Pacolet. As dusk fell on January 15, Tarleton and his army appeared on
the south bank of the river. He saw the guards and wheeled, marching up
the stream toward a ford near Wofford’s iron works. On the opposite
bank, Morgan’s men kept pace with him, step for step. Then, with no
warning, the British disappeared into the night. Retreating? Making
camp? No one knew. It was too risky to venture across the swollen river
to follow him. The British Legion cavalry always guarded Tarleton’s
flanks and rear.
On the morning of the 16th, a militia detachment miles down the river in
the opposite direction made an alarming discovery. Tarleton was across!
He had doubled back in the dark and marched most of the night to cross
at Easterwood Shoals. He was only 6 miles from Morgan’s camp on
Thicketty Creek. Leaping on their horses, the guards galloped to Morgan
with the news.
Morgan’s men were cooking breakfast. Out of his tent charged the general
to roar orders at them, the wagoners, the infantry, the cavalrymen.
Prepare to march immediately! The men grabbed their half-cooked cornmeal
cakes and stuffed them into their mouths. The militia and the cavalry
ran for their horses, the wagoners hitched their teams, the Continentals
formed ranks, and the column got underway. Morgan pressed forward,
ignoring the pain in his hip, demanding more and more speed from his
men. He headed northwest, toward Cowpens, on the Green River Road, a
route that would also take him to the Island Ford across the Broad
River, about 6 miles beyond Cowpens.
All day the men slogged along the slick, gooey roads, Morgan at the head
of the column setting a relentless pace. His sciatic hip tormented him.
Behind him, the militiamen were expending “many a hearty curse” on him,
one of them later recalled. As Nathanael Greene wryly remarked, in the
militia every man considered himself a general.
But Daniel Morgan was responsible for their lives and the lives of his
Continentals, some of whom had marched doggedly from battlefield to
battlefield for over four years. In the company of the Delaware
Continentals who served beside the Marylanders in the light infantry
brigade, there was a lieutenant named Thomas Anderson who kept track of
the miles he had marched since they headed south in May 1780. At the end
of each day he entered in his journal the ever-growing total. By January
16, it was 1,435. No matter what the militia thought of him, Daniel
Morgan was not going to throw away such men in a battle simply to prove
his courage.
Seldom has there been a better example of the difference between the
professional and the amateur soldier. In his letters urging militiamen
to join him, Morgan had warned them against the futility of fighting in
such small detachments. He had asked them to come into his camp and
subject themselves to “order and discipline ... so that I may be enabled
to direct you ... to the advantage of the whole.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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