"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Into Morgan’s camp galloped more scouts from Pickens. They brought news
that Morgan made the last sentence of his letter.
“We have just learned that Tarleton’s force is from eleven to twelve
hundred British.”
The last word was the significant one. _British._ Twelve hundred
regulars, trained troops, saber-swinging dragoons and bayonet-wielding
infantry like the men who had sent the militia running for their lives
at Camden and then cut the Continentals to pieces. Gen. Daniel Morgan
could see only one alternative—retreat.
5
Until he got this information on the numbers and composition of
Tarleton’s army, Morgan seems to have toyed with the possibility of
ambushing the British as they crossed the Pacolet. He left strong
detachments of his army at the most likely fords. At the very least, he
may have wanted to make the crossing a bloody business for the British,
perhaps killing some of their best officers, even Tarleton himself. If
he could repulse or delay Tarleton at the river, Morgan hoped he could
gain enough time to retreat to a ford across the upper Broad, well out
of reach of Cornwallis on the other side of the river. Pickens had kept
Morgan well informed of the sluggish advance of the main British army.
He knew they were far to the south, a good 30 miles behind Tarleton.
North of the Broad, Morgan reasoned they could be easily joined by the
500 North Carolina militia William Davidson had promised him as well as
South Carolina men from that district. If Tarleton continued the
pursuit, they could give battle on the rugged slopes of Kings Mountain,
where the cavalry of the British Legion would be useless.
Morgan undoubtedly discussed this plan with the leaders of the
militiamen who were already with him—Joseph McDowell of North Carolina,
whose men had fought at Kings Mountain, James Jackson and John
Cunningham of Georgia, James McCall, Thomas Brandon, William Bratton and
other South Carolinians, perhaps also Andrew Pickens. They did not have
much enthusiasm for it. They warned Morgan that at least half the
militia, especially the South Carolinians, would be inclined to go home
rather than retreat across the Broad. In the back country, men perceived
rivers as dividing lines between districts. Most of the South Carolina
men in camp came from the west side of the Broad. Moreover, with Sumter
hostile, there was no guarantee that they would be able to persuade many
men on the other side of the river to join them.
In this discussion, it seems likely that these militia leaders mentioned
the Cowpens as a good place to fight Tarleton on the south side of the
river. The grazing ground was a name familiar to everyone in the back
country. It was where the militia had assembled before the battle of
Kings Mountain the previous fall. Messengers could be sent into every
district within a day’s ride to urge laggards to join them there.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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