"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
The ground, Tarleton decided, was made to order for the rebels’
destruction. In fact, America could not produce a place more suitable to
his style of war. His bloodhound instinct dominant, Banastre Tarleton
assumed that Morgan, having run away from him for two days, was still
only trying to check his advance and gain time to retreat over the Broad
River. Morgan failed to stop him at the Pacolet. He would fail even more
disastrously here. With six miles of open country in the Americans’
rear, Tarleton looked forward to smashing Morgan’s ranks with an
infantry attack and then unleashing his Legion horsemen to hunt down the
fleeing survivors. Tarleton never dreamt that Daniel Morgan was planning
to fight to the finish.
7
While Tarleton’s troops spent most of the night marching along the
twisting, dipping Green River Road, Daniel Morgan’s men had been resting
at Cowpens and listening to their general’s battle plan. First Morgan
outlined it for his officers, then he went from campfire to campfire
explaining it to his men.
The plan was based on the terrain at Cowpens and on the knowledge of
Tarleton’s battle tactics that Morgan had from such friends as Richard
Winn. Morgan probably told his men what he repeated in later years—he
expected nothing from Tarleton but “downright fighting.” The young
Englishman was going to come straight at them in an all-out charge.
To repel that charge, Morgan adopted tactics he had himself helped
design at Saratoga. There was a similarity between the little army he
commanded at Cowpens and the men he led in northern New York. Like his
old rifle corps, his militia were crack shots. But they could not stand
up against a British bayonet charge. It took too long to load and fire a
rifle, and it was not equipped with a bayonet.
He had complete confidence in his Continentals. No regiment in the
British army had a prouder tradition than these men from Maryland and
Delaware. They and their comrades in arms had demonstrated their heroism
on a dozen battlefields. Above all, Morgan trusted their commander, Lt.
Col. John Eager Howard of Maryland. At the battle of Germantown in 1777,
he had led his 4th Maryland Regiment in a headlong charge that drove the
British light infantry in panicky flight from their battle line back to
their tents. After the American defeat at Camden, Howard had rounded up
the survivors of his own and other regiments and led them on a three-day
march to Charlotte through swamps and forests to elude British pursuit.
Someone asked what they had to eat during that time. “Some peaches,”
Howard said.
[Illustration: An American canteen of the type used by militia at
Cowpens.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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