"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Morgan was equally sure of the steadiness of the ex-Continentals who
made up the bulk of his two companies of Virginia six-months militiamen.
He told them that he was going to station them on either side of the
Maryland and Delaware regulars, on the first crest of the almost
invisibly rising slope that constituted Cowpens. A professional soldier
would consider this the “military crest” because it was the high ground
from which the best defense could be made. Behind this crest, the land
sloped off to a slight hollow, and then rose to another slightly higher
hump of earth, which was the geographical crest of the battleground.
Here Morgan planned to post William Washington and his 80 dragoons. To
make them more of a match for Tarleton’s 300 horsemen, he called for
volunteers to serve with Washington. About 40 men stepped forward, led
by Andrew Pickens’ friend, James McCall. Morgan gave them sabers and
told them to obey Washington’s orders.
There was nothing unusual or brilliant about this part of Morgan’s
battle plan. It was simply good sense and good tactics to select the
most advantageous ground for his infantry and keep Washington’s cavalry
out of the immediate reach of Tarleton’s far more numerous horsemen. It
was in his plan for the militia that Morgan demonstrated his genius. At
Camden, Horatio Gates had tried to use the militia as if they were
regulars, positioning them in his battle line side by side with the
Continentals. They swiftly demonstrated that they could not withstand a
British bayonet charge.
Morgan decided that he would use his militia in a different way. He put
the backwoodsmen under the command of Andrew Pickens and carefully
explained what he wanted them to do. They were going to form a line
about 150 yards ahead of Howard and the Continentals. They were to hold
their fire until the British were within “killing distance.” They were
to get off two or three shots and retreat behind the Continentals, who
would carry on the battle while the militiamen re-formed and came back
into the fight on the British flanks.
A select group of riflemen, considered the best shots in the army, were
to advance another hundred yards on both sides of the Green River Road
and begin skirmishing with the British as soon as they appeared. This
was the tactic Sumter had used at Blackstocks to tempt Tarleton into a
reckless charge, and it had cost the British heavy casualties.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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