"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
On paper Morgan’s army was inferior. The British numbered some 1100,
all regulars and most of them tested in battle. Morgan had at best a
little over 800 troops, and half of them were militia. Numbers,
though, deceive, for Morgan’s army was in fact a first-rate detachment
of light infantry, needing only leadership to win victories.
The core of Morgan’s army was a mixed brigade of Maryland and Delaware
Continentals under Col. John Eager Howard, about 320 men. They were
supported by 80 or so Continental dragoons under Col. William
Washington.
[Illustration: Maryland Continental • Dragoon, 3rd Continentals]
These Continentals were tough and experienced. Morgan’s militia were
better material than the green troops who folded at Camden and later
ran away at Guilford. Some 200 were ex-Continentals from Virginia.
Morgan thought enough of them to employ them in the main battle line.
The other militia were recruited by that wily partisan leader, Andrew
Pickens, and William Davidson, a superb militia general. It’s unlikely
that such able commanders would have filled their ranks with the
wavering and shiftless.
Morgan knew the worth of these troops and deployed them in a way that
made the most of their strengths and minimized their weakness. They
rewarded him with a victory still marveled at two centuries later.
These figures represent the units in Morgan’s command.
[Illustration: Virginia militiaman • Carolina militiaman]
Collins and his friends had joined Sumter, only to encounter Tarleton at
Fishing Creek. “It was a perfect rout and an indiscriminate slaughter,”
he recalled. Retreating to the west, Collins described how they lived
before Morgan and his regulars arrived to confront the British and
loyalists. “We kept a flying camp, never staying long in one place,
never camping near a public road ... never stripping off saddles.” When
they ate, “each one sat down with his sword by his side, his gun lying
across his lap or under the seat on which he sat.” It soon became
necessary “for their safety,” Collins said, to join Morgan. At Cowpens,
men like James Collins were fighting for their lives.
Equally desperate—and angry—were men like Joseph Hughes, whose father
had been killed by the loyalists. Hughes had been living as an
“out-lier,” hiding in the woods near his home with a number of other men
who remained loyal to militia colonel Thomas Brandon. One day he
ventured out to visit his family. As he approached the house, three
loyalists sprang out of the door with leveled guns, shouting: “You
damned Rebel, you are our prisoner!” Hughes wheeled his horse and leaped
the gate to escape the hail of bullets.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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