"That the offensive smells proceeding from any works intended for house or town drainage, indicate the fact of the detention and decomposition of ordure, and afford decisive evidence of mal-construction or of ignorant or defective arrangement. "That the method of removing refuse in suspension in water by properly combined works, is much better than that of collecting it in pits or cess-pools near or underneath houses, emptying it by hand labor, and removing it by carts. "That it is important for the sake of economy, as well as for the health of the population, that the practice of the removal of refuse in suspension in water, and by combined works, should be applied to all houses, especially those occupied by the poorer classes." Later investigations of the subject have established two general conclusions applicable to the subject, namely, that: "_In towns all offensive smells from the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter, indicate the generation and presence of the causes of insalubrity and of preventable disease, at the same time that they prove defective local administration;_ and correlatively, that: "_In rural districts all continuous offensive smells from animal and vegetable decomposition, indicate preventable loss of fertilizing matter, loss of money, and bad husbandry._" The principles herein set forth, whether relating to sanitary improvement, to convenience and decency of living, or to the use of waste matters of houses in agricultural improvement, are no less applicable in America than elsewhere; and the more general adoption of improved house drainage and sewerage, and of the use of sewage matters in agriculture, would add to the health and prosperity of its people, and would indicate a great advance in civilization. INDEX Absorption and Filtration, 26-39 Angles to be, as far as possible, avoided, 99 Baking of clay soils by evaporation, 30 Barley, 168 Bartlett, Dr., quotation from, 211 Base-line, 145 Boning-rods, (with illustrations), 125-126 Central Park, 74-86 Cess-pools, cause of epidemics, 237 Chadwick, Dr., quotation from, 213 Clay Soils, 75 Clay Soils, Baking of by Evaporation, 30 Clay Soils, Made mellow by draining, 29-30 Clay Soils, Shrinkage of, 28 Clinometer, (illustration), 56 Collars, 84 Connections, 132 Connections (illustrations), 134 Corn, Indian, 162 Cost of draining, 150-153-158 Cotton, 169 Covering and filling, cost of, 157 Covering for the joints of tiles, 132 Covering tiles, 136