I’d been cheered up at my _Chandoo_[4] shop, for years at least two score, To perform my daily labour, and was never sick or sore; But they said this must not be; So they passed a stern decree, And they made my _Chandoo_ seller shut his hospitable door. Now they’re sending out Commissions with the philanthropic view Of inducing us to part with sev’ral crores of revenue; For all opium traffic’s sin, And, although it brings in tin, Our nefarious trade papaverous, they say we must eschew. Who’d have thought that my redemption would have cost so many lakhs (For they saddle their expenses on my fellow-subjects’ backs). What with deficits to square, And Commissions everywhere, On the “hoarded wealth of India” I shall prove a heavy tax. If I’d only cultivated, now, a taste for beer or gin, Or had learnt at Pool or Baccarat my neighbour’s coin to win, I could roam abroad o’ nights, And indulge in these delights, And my soul would not be stigmatized as being steeped in sin! But as mine’s a heathen weakness for a creature-comfort, far Less pernicious than their alcohol, more clean than their cigar, They have sent their howlings forth, From their platform in the North, And ’twixt me and my poor pleasures have imposed a righteous bar! CHAPTER VIII. OPIUM SMOKING AND OPIUM-EATING. There are two modes of taking opium. It is either eaten in its crude form, or it is clarified with water and smoked in a pipe of peculiar construction. It is generally conceded that opium smoking is less injurious than opium eating, bulk for bulk, of the amount consumed, and that the intemperate or immoderate opium smoker is less liable to the toxic effects of opium than the man who eats it raw. Why this is will be clear when it is explained that as a result of the process of preparation for smoking it, which consists in boiling opium with water, filtering several times, and boiling it down again to a treacly consistency, a considerable portion of the narcotine, caoutchouc, resin, and other deleterious elements are removed, and this prolonged boiling and evaporation have the effect of lessening the amount of alkaloids in the finished product. The only alkaloids likely to remain in the prepared opium, and capable of producing marked physiological effects, are morphia, codeia, and narceia. Morphia in its unmixed state can be sublimed; but codeia and narceia are said not to give a sublimate. But even if not sublimed in the process, morphia would, in the opinion of Mr. Hugh M’Callum (Government Analyst at Hong Kong), be deposited in the bowl of the pipe before the smoke reached the mouth of the smoker. The bitter taste of morphia is not noticeable when smoking opium, and it is therefore possible that the pleasure derived from smoking opium is due to some product formed during combustion. This supposition is rendered probable by the fact that the opium most prized by smokers is not that containing the most morphia.