[40] For biographies of Sylvester Gardiner see _Dictionary of American Biography_, New York, 1931, vol. 8, pp. 139-140; _Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography_, New York, 1887, vol. 2; H. A. Kelly and W. L. Burrage, _Dictionary of American Medical Biography_, New York, 1928, pp. 450-452; James H. Stark, _The Loyalists of Massachusetts_, Boston, 1910, pp. 313-315. [41] Greenleaf Ledger (see footnote 6). [42] _American Archives_, ser. 5, vol. 1, pp. 282, 284. [43] _Ibid._, p. 314. [44] S. E. Morison and H. S. Commager, _The Growth of the American Republic_, New York, 1950, vol. 1, p. 210. [45] _New-York Journal_, July 13, 1775. [46] _Ibid._, May 11, 1775. [47] _New-York Gazette_, January 1 and January 29, 1776. For a history of the English patent medicines in America, see G. B. Griffenhagen and J. H. Young in _The Chemist and Druggist_, 1957, vol. 167, pp. 714-722, and in _U.S. National Museum Bulletin 218_, 1959, pp. 155-183 (Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, Paper 10). [48] George Washington, _The Writings of George Washington_, edited by John C. Fitzpatrick, Washington, 1931, vol. 4, pp. 464-465. [49] Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), pp. 4, 9, 68; _Pennsylvania Packet_, June 19, 1779; and Washington, _op. cit._ (footnote 48), vol. 4, pp. 464-465. [50] Duncan, _op. cit._ (footnote 2), p. 135; Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), p. 11. [51] _New-York Gazette_, May 6 and December 23, 1776. [52] _American Archives_, ser. 4, vol. 4, p. 1026. [53] _Ibid._, vol. 6, p. 1431. [54] Morgan misspelled Delaney as "Delancey" in his letter of June 25 to Adams. [55] Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), p. 128. [56] Ford, _op. cit._ (footnote 10), vol. 5, p. 570. [57] _American Archives_, ser. 4, vol. 6, p. 1069. [58] Ford, _op. cit._ (footnote 10), vol. 5, p. 633. [59] Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), p. 12. [60] _Pennsylvania Packet_, June 26, 1779. [61] Washington, _op. cit._ (footnote 48), vol. 6, pp. 58-59. [62] _Connecticut Courant_, January 6, 1777. [63] Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), pp. 13, 136, 146. William Smith was appointed Continental Druggist on August 20; see Ford, _op. cit._ (footnote 10), vol. 4, pp. 292-293. [64] Washington, _op. cit._ (footnote 48), vol. 6, pp. 86, 113. [65] _American Archives_, ser. 5, vol. 3, pp. 116, 837. [66] _Pennsylvania Packet_, June 24, 1779. [67] Morgan, _op. cit._ (footnote 35), p. 129. [68] _Ibid._, p. xxv. [For details of the manner in which Shippen moved in on Morgan to replace him eventually as director general, see Flexner, _op. cit._ (footnote 2), pp. 3-53.] [69] _Ibid._, p. xxxv; Owen, _op. cit._ (footnote 2), p. 55. [70] Ford, _op. cit._ (footnote 10), vol. 7, p. 91. [71] _New-York Gazette_, September 30, December 16, 23, 1776, January 20, 1777. [72] _Ibid._, December 9, 1776, April 28, June 9, 1777.