I am of the opinion that a clearer and consequently more thorough understanding of this part of the subject can be obtained by classing the various effects of the continued use of morphine or opium under the headings of the different systems and apparatuses, and have, therefore, adopted this method of presenting these matters to the reader. THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. (_Stomach, Liver and Bowels._) The first effect of opium or its alkaloid morphia on the stomach is, in the majority of instances, to increase the appetite and cause a pleasant sensation of warmth and a feeling of general contentment. After a time, however, especially if the drug is taken by the mouth, the appetite is materially impaired, the bowels become constipated, there is a sensation of sinking at the pit of the stomach, the circulation through the liver is interfered with, a catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine and stomach supervenes, the opening of the bile duct is partially obstructed by the swollen mucous membrane, and the result is a more or less decided staining of the skin with the biliary coloring matter. This is due, in part, to interference with the cells in the proper performance of their functions, undoubtedly through the medium of the nerves passing to them. At the same time, the gastric juice is diminished in amount and lessened in strength, as is also the case regarding the intestinal and pancreatic secretions, the digestion of food is imperfectly performed, and in consequence, a condition of malnutrition results, showing itself in wasting of the muscles and loss of the fatty tissue beneath the skin, especially of the face, breast and abdomen. As the gastric catarrh increases, nausea and finally vomiting ensue, still further debilitating the patient. Derangements of the stomach, liver and bowels are much more common among those who use the drug by the mouth. I have, however, seen patients who, while using morphia hypodermically, have suffered intensely with jaundice, catarrh of the stomach, nausea and vomiting. When these disorders do arise in the course of the subcutaneous use of morphia they are prone to be very acute in character. A gentleman, aged about 32, came under my notice some months ago, suffering from dropsy of both legs, which, from the middle of the leg to and about the ankles, were covered with collections of minute red spots, evidently points at which the capillary blood vessels had ruptured. An examination of his urine discovered thirty per cent. of albumen and some tube casts from the kidneys. Also a decided amount of morphine, and considerable blood. He was put upon tonic remedies; the legs, previously dressed with sulphate of iron ointment, were tightly bandaged. After about two weeks the dropsy lessened, the spots disappeared and the general health improved sufficiently to allow of a business trip to the West. No sooner had he neared his destination, however, than the dropsy of the legs again