In the case of the young married lady already referred to, when a change was made from subcutaneous to rectal injections the flow was re-established and showed itself, although irregularly, for nearly a year. Levenstein, who has made some interesting and valuable researches and experiments upon this matter, believes that this abnormal menopause is due to the inactivity of the ovaries. He says:— “According to Pflueger’s theory, in cases of amenorrhœa due to morbid craving for morphia, the growth of the ovarian cells would be stopped from one monthly period to another, and consequently there would be a want of stimulus on the ovarian nerves, causing on the one hand the rupture of Graaf’s follicles, and producing, on the other hand, a congested state of the generative organs by reflex action. Hence, the morphia would act in the same manner on the ovaries as on other secreting glands, _i. e._, would render them devoid of function under its continued influence. It is likely, therefore, that the menstrual discharge does not show on account of no ovulation taking place; this also would account for the sterility.”[5] Accompanying this condition of non-menstruation there is always sterility. That this is due to the habitual use of morphia is proven by the fact that these women have borne a child or children before the use of the drug was commenced, and have again become pregnant and gone to full term after the habit was abandoned. So long, however, as menstruation does occur, there is a possibility of the woman’s becoming pregnant. In the majority of instances sensation is finally lost, although it is usually increased during the first few months’ use of the drug. A patient of mine, a lady who had used morphine by the mouth for sixteen years, found her virile power during and at the end of that time in no way impaired. If anything, it was increased. Her dose of morphine was ten grains. She had not menstruated for a long time. This was the only case in which I tried Levenstein’s plan of at once stopping the drug, and I shall certainly never try it again. With the suppression of the menstruation, there sometimes come the usual symptoms attending the suppression of this function in non-habituès. Levenstein states that ladies suffering from leucorrhœa are often cured of this complaint by the habitual use of morphia; the discharge returning, however, as soon as the habit is broken, and causing labor-like pains. Certain it is that most female patients, on breaking the habit, suffer from a severe leucorrhœa, whether or not they had such a discharge previous to commencing the use of the drug. One of my lady patients who used six grains a day, subcutaneously, had a leucorrhœal discharge before she began the use of morphia, and upon which a four years’ habituation had no curative or modifying effect. As soon, however, as the habit was broken, the discharge increased greatly in quantity, and changed in character, becoming more tenacious.