218. Medieval Geography 219. Aids to Exploration 220. To the Indies Eastward--Prince Henry and Da Gama 221. The Portuguese Colonial Empire 222. To the Indies Westward: Columbus and Magellan 223. The Indians 224. Spanish Explorations and Conquests in America 225. The Spanish Colonial Empire 226. French and English Explorations in America 227. The Old World and the New XXVII. THE REFORMATION AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS, 1517-1648 A.D. 228. Decline of the Papacy 229. Heresies and Heretics 230. Martin Luther and the Beginning of the Reformation in Germany, 1517-1522 A.D. 231. Charles V and the Spread of the German Reformation, 1519-1556 A.D. 232. The Reformation in Switzerland: Zwingli and Calvin 233. The English Reformation, 1533-1558 A.D. 234. The Protestant Sects 235. The Catholic Counter Reformation 236. Spain under Philip II, 1556-1598 A.D. 237. Revolt of the Netherlands 238. England under Elizabeth, 1558-1603 A.D. 239. The Huguenot Wars in France 240. The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 A.D. XXVIII. ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE AND ENGLAND, 1603-1715 A.D. 241. The Divine Right of Kings 242. The Absolutism of Louis XIV, 1661-1715 A.D. 243. France under Louis XIV 244. The Wars of Louis XIV 245. The Absolutism of the Stuarts, 1603-1642 A.D. 246. Oliver Cromwell and the Civil War, 1642-1649 A.D. 247. The Commonwealth and the Protectorate, 1649-1660 A.D. 248. The Restoration and the "Glorious Revolution," 1660-1689 A.D. 249. England in the Seventeenth Century APPENDIX--Table of Events and Dates INDEX AND PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS