But really it is not worth while to ask whether the communication of
philosophical ideas was possible or not, till some evidence has been
produced that any of these peoples had a philosophy to communicate. No
such evidence has yet been discovered, and, so far as we know, the
Indians were the only people besides the Greeks who ever had anything
that deserves the name. No one now will suggest that Greek philosophy
came from India, and indeed everything points to the conclusion that
Indian philosophy came from Greece. The chronology of Sanskrit
literature is an extremely difficult subject; but, so far as we can see,
the great Indian systems are later in date than the Greek philosophies
which they most nearly resemble. Of course the mysticism of the
Upanishads and of Buddhism were of native growth and profoundly
influenced philosophy, but they were not themselves philosophy in any
true sense of the word.[30]
Footnote 30:
For the possibility that Indian philosophy came from Greece, see
Weber, _Die Griechen in Indien_ (Berl. Sitzb. 1890, pp. 901 sqq.), and
Goblet d’Alviella, _Ce que l’Inde doit à la Grèce_ (Paris, 1897).
[Sidenote: Egyptian mathematics.]
XI. It would, however, be another thing to say that Greek philosophy
originated quite independently of Oriental influences. The Greeks
themselves believed their mathematical science to be of Egyptian origin,
and they must also have known something of Babylonian astronomy. It
cannot be an accident that philosophy originated in Ionia just at the
time when communication with these two countries was easiest, and it is
significant that the very man who was said to have introduced geometry
from Egypt is also regarded as the first of the philosophers. It thus
becomes very important for us to discover, if we can, what Egyptian
mathematics meant. We shall see that, even here, the Greeks were really
original.
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