Early Man Projectile Points in the SouthwestHonea, Kenneth
History
Early Man Projectile Points in the Southwest
Honea, Kenneth
Arrowheads; Indians of North America -- Implements; Indians of North America -- Southwest, New
Hell Gap points, similar to many other Early Man types, are essentially
lanceolate-shaped. Upper lateral edges are slightly rounded, while lower
lateral edges taper in straight lines to the generally narrow, slightly
to noticeably rounded, occasionally nearly straight base. These points
are commonly broadest at mid-section, but examples are known which are
broadest a little below this point. Lower lateral edges are offset from
the broadest section to such a degree that one is inclined to consider
Hell Gap points stemmed. Dimensions are: length 4.5 to 8.8 cm., and
width 2.0 to 3.0 cm. Workmanship is not nearly as fine as on Folsom
points. Flaking was produced by direct percussion, with occasional
secondary edge trimming by pressure. Initial flake scars on point faces
are irregular; basal thinning was accomplished by multi-directional
flaking. The stem and base are smoothed through grinding; basal
smoothing may be absent on some specimens.
Surface specimens have been found in many parts of Wyoming, Montana,
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Similar points are also known from
California and parts of Texas. The most northerly known occurrence is
Alberta, in Canada.
[Illustration: _Hell Gap_]
MIDLAND POINTS
Midland points were first discovered at the Scharbauer Site near
Midland, in West Texas. They were evidently contemporaneous with Folsom
points, which they greatly resemble.
[Illustration: _Midland_]
Formal description of Midland points has not yet been made. They are
mentioned, however, as appearing a great deal like Folsom points in
shape, size, and thinness, but are distinct from them in not being
fluted. Otherwise they are apparently of the same fine workmanship and
technological tradition as Folsom points.
Deposits in which a Midland point fragment was found with human remains
at the Scharbauer Site have been dated to about 11,000 years ago,
indicating a time range for this point type corresponding to that of
Folsom. Similar points have been found near Lubbock, Texas; central New
Mexico; and as far east as San Augustine County, Texas. Possibly they
will be found to occur in other districts on or near the Llano Estacado.
Quite frequently they are found together with Folsom points in west
Texas and New Mexico localities.
PLAINVIEW POINTS
Plainview points were first defined on the basis of type specimens
recovered from a bison kill site near Plainview in the Texas Panhandle.
[Illustration: _Plainview_]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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