Early Man Projectile Points in the SouthwestHonea, Kenneth
History
Early Man Projectile Points in the Southwest
Honea, Kenneth
Arrowheads; Indians of North America -- Implements; Indians of North America -- Southwest, New
Lanceolate shaped, the upper lateral edges of the most Plainview points
are slightly rounded but on some they are straight. Lower lateral edges
are ordinarily straight and parallel-sided up to about one-half or
three-quarters the distance from the base to the tip. They are usually
broadest at mid-section. A variation in shape may include a recurve,
rarely marked, of lateral edges near the base; such specimens are
broadest either at or somewhat above the mid-section (see also the
description of Golondrina points). The base of Plainview points varies
from slightly to markedly concave; the former is typical. Workmanship is
quite fine. Direct or indirect percussion or possibly pressure action is
employed in retouching. Initial flake scars may be at either right
angles or slightly oblique to the point long-axis. Though individual
initial flake scars may be parallel, they are more often irregular.
Dimensions of Plainview points are: length about 4.5 to 8.0 cm., width
1.8 to 2.8 cm. Bases of these points were sometimes thinned by the
removal of the series of relatively large, longish flakes parallel to
the point long-axis in a technique reminiscent of fluting. Others
however, were basally thinned by the removal of flakes from the lower
lateral edges at right angles to the point long-axis. Basal edges are
usually smoothed.
Plainview points are considered by most archaeologists to date around
9,000 to 10,000 years ago. At both the type site and at the Lone Wolf
Creek Site in Texas, they were associated with the remains of extinct
bison.
MILNESAND POINTS
Milnesand points were first recorded at a site near Milnesand, New
Mexico.
[Illustration: _Milnesand_]
Lanceolate in shape, Milnesand points are broadest either at mid-section
or somewhat above. Upper lateral edges are slightly to markedly rounded,
while the lower edges are straight and taper a little towards the
typically straight base. Bases on some may be slightly rounded or
concave. Average dimensions are: length 5.0 to 8.0 cm., width 2.0 to
nearly 3.0 cm. Workmanship is generally quite fine, and has been
achieved with either direct or indirect percussion, or possibly
pressure. Secondary thinning of both lateral and basal edges often
occurs and is by pressure. Initial flaking of point faces is patterned:
transverse flake scars are approximately parallel to one another and at
right angles to the point long-axis. These scars terminate at the point
mid-line; some specimens may have a distinct median ridge on one or both
faces. Horizontal basal thinning, accomplished primarily during initial
flaking may be accompanied by the removal of small flakes vertical to
the point long-axis. Both the lower lateral edges and base are carefully
smoothed.
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