10. No accumulation of water being allowed upon the ground upon which an embankment has to be deposited. 11. Covering a slope with rammed earth, burnt ballast, chalk, gravel, ashes, or other protective material. 12. Turfing a slope, or sowing it with grass seed. 13. Depositing layers of material, consolidated by ramming or otherwise, upon a slope at right angles or diagonally to the line of the foot of a slope. 14. By benching, or a terrace or cess upon a slope. 15. Covering the toe of a slope with stone pitching. 16. Dividing a slope by trenches filled with stones or absorbent material. 17. Weighting a slope to counteract the pressure of the internal water, and to restore the equilibrium. 18. A breast-high retaining wall at the toe of a slope. 19. Covering part or the whole of a slope with fascine mattresses or brushwood, systematically laid in combination with gravel, stone, broken bricks, ashes, &c. 20. Counterforts of gravel, chalk, burnt ballast, ashes, rubble, &c., at the toe and upon a slope. 21. A dry wall at the toe of the slope of a stratum of unstable soil, found above the formation level and superimposed upon rock or firm earth. 22. Varying or increasing the flatness of a slope towards the bottom of a cutting or embankment. 23. In cuttings, by retaining walls, with or without overhead struts. 24. Systematic planting upon the cess and slopes, trees, shrubs, or bushes having deep wide-spreading roots. 25. The removal of any spoil bank that may have been tipped or cast out near the top of the slope of a cutting. 26. Removing the turf and all loose or decaying matter from the natural ground before the earth is deposited. 27. Clearing away all snow and frozen soil before tipping or excavating, and taking care that no frozen earth is deposited. 28. Forming the ground upon which an embankment has to be tipped, at an inclination downward from the toe of a slope, towards the centre, and the construction of a dry drain along the centre line so as to cause percolating water to flow away, or prevent it reaching the slopes. 29. Benching the ground upon which an embankment has to be deposited. 30. Covering the ground upon which an embankment is to be tipped with a hard permeable layer. 31. Trenches filled with stones or other hard permeable material across the base of an embankment. 32. Covering the toe of the slope of an embankment with sods or making a counterfort of turf. 33. Running to spoil all saturated earth, and suspending operations for a day or two after heavy and continuous rain or a fall of snow, or frost. 34. Filling any large fissures as they appear. 35. Weighting the earth so as to condense it. 36. Increasing the area of the base of an embankment according to the bearing power of the soil. 37. By the exclusion of all boulders, roots, turf, branches of trees, or bushes in forming an embankment. 38. By aiding consolidation and preventing separation at the junction of two embankments.