Thus of this sub-family of Geoscolecidae we have in South America a large number of genera and a much larger number of species. Of a second sub-family of Geoscolecidae there are three species of _Criodrilus_ found in the South American Continent. We now turn to the Megascolecidae of which a large number of species occur within the area now under consideration. The bulk of these belong to the sub-family Acanthodrilinae and they are as follows: Of the genus _Notiodrilus_ there are ten species, of _Microscolex_ two species, of _Chilota_ 19, of _Yagansia_ 13. A second sub-family Trigastrinae also occurs in this Continent and the following genera are permanent inhabitants, viz.:-- _Dichogaster_ (= _Benhamia_) with only three species, of which two at least are found elsewhere, and of which therefore the autochthonism is doubtful. Finally, there is the sub-family Ocnerodrilinae comprising the following genera: _Kerria_ with ten species, _Ocnerodrilus_ (with sub-genera _Liodrilus_, _Ilyogenia_ and _Haplodrilus_) four species, which again are rather doubtful indigenes of the South American Continent. Leaving aside certain species (of the genera _Lumbricus_, _Pheretima_, etc.) which are clearly not indigenous, the South American Continent harbours 150 kinds of earthworms which are distributed in some 19 genera. But of these a few species (_e.g._ _Onychochaeta windlei_, _Kerria macdonaldi_) stray into neighbouring regions, _i.e._ the West Indies and California. It is doubtful therefore whether they are to be referred to as limited to one of these regions and accidentally imported into the others, or whether they are genuine inhabitants of both. The South American Continent shares with the West Indies the following genera, but the species (except in the case of _Onychochaeta windlei_, _Glossoscolex peregrinus_) are distinct; these genera are _Hesperoscolex_, _Pontoscolex_, _Dichogaster_, and _Ocnerodrilus_. _Diachaeta_ is limited to the West Indies. The following South American genera are also found in Central and warmer North America (Mexico, California), viz. _Hesperoscolex_, _Periscolex_, _Rhinodrilus_, _Pontoscolex_, _Andiodrilus_, _Glossoscolex_, _Notiodrilus_, _Microscolex_, _Dichogaster_, _Kerria_ and _Ocnerodrilus_. But with the exception of _Hesperoscolex_, which seems to belong rather to Central America and the West Indies, _Microscolex_ and _Pontoscolex_ which are world-wide and whose original home is therefore difficult to fix, and _Dichogaster_ and _Ocnerodrilus_ which would seem rather to be rare immigrants (perhaps not truly indigenous) into South America, these genera are practically distinctively South American.