The sub-family Acanthodrilinae of the family Megascolecidae are represented by four species of the genus _Notiodrilus_, with which perhaps _Maheina braueri_ from the Seychelles should be included as it presents small differences from _Notiodrilus_. Among the Megascolecinae a good many species of _Pheretima_ have been collected both on Madagascar and on certain adjacent islands; but these, with one possible exception, are forms which occur elsewhere and are often indeed very widely distributed 'peregrines,' so that it is hardly permissible to place them among the real inhabitants of Madagascar. The same arguments hold in the case of _Lampito mauritii_ and the ubiquitous _Eudrilus_ and _Pontoscolex_. But there is the peculiar _Howascolex_. Among the Ocnerodrilinae a distinct species of _Gordiodrilus_ occurs, and an obviously introduced _Ocnerodrilus_. It is among the Geoscolecidae that the most characteristic forms are met with. These belong exclusively to a genus of the Microchaetinae, _Kynotus_, which is found nowhere else but in Madagascar, where it is represented by at least twelve different species. We have therefore in Madagascar and the surrounding islands only two peculiar genera, only four genera which can be regarded as endemic, and only about seventeen peculiar species. Passing eastward and crossing the Indian Ocean we come to the Continent of Asia, and we shall first direct attention to the peninsula of India and adjacent parts of Burmah and the island of Ceylon, of which there has been accumulated a great deal of knowledge concerning the Oligochaetous fauna. This quarter of the globe differs quite as much from any that have been hitherto considered as they do among themselves. We have left behind us the Geoscolecidae with the exception of the ubiquitous and clearly peregrine _Pontoscolex_, and the genus _Glyphidrilus_, which, being aquatic at times, is perhaps hardly to be considered in the present survey.