Australian and from the North Island of New Zealand, where its species were regarded by Benham as of a distinct genus, _Tokea_. There is also one form, _Megascolides americanus_, in the western region of North America. The two genera _Yagansia_ and _Chilota_, closely related to _Notiodrilus_, have a range which is short of that of _Notiodrilus_, and we shall see later that there are reasons for regarding these genera as derived from _Notiodrilus_. They are met with only in the south of South America, and in the Cape of Good Hope region. The range of _Microscolex_ seems to be much the same as that of _Notiodrilus_; but it is a little uncertain how far the genus is really autochthonous in the countries where it occurs; and in any case it differs from _Notiodrilus_ in occurring in Europe, where the species has been named for a long time _M. phosphoreus_. We do not positively know whether this is 'peregrine' in Europe or not. The range of the antarctic Acanthodrilinae is in a sense continuous; for they argue the former northward extension of the antarctic continent and in any case they occupy neighbouring land masses. In _Octochaetus_ and _Plutellus_ the case is different and one of real discontinuity. There are however cases of wide range which is also actually continuous and such is afforded by the genus _Pheretima_. This genus appears to be possibly indigenous to Australia; in any case it reaches from the Solomon Islands on the east to India towards the west, being found in all intermediate continents, while it reaches Japan on the north side of this large area. There are other genera which extend their range over a considerable area, but which are not so widely distributed as these which we have just been considering. Thus _Diporochaeta_ is chiefly Australian but also reaches even the South Island of New Zealand and the southward lying antarctic islands. _Desmogaster_ and _Eupolygaster_ among the Moniligastridae range from Burmah in the east to Sumatra and Borneo further east, though they are not recorded from intermediate islands. _Perionyx_ is found in Burmah, India, Zanzibar, Sumatra, and Java. There are other examples of genera which have much the same range as those enumerated. Finally there are those which are confined to one land mass and very often to a restricted region of that. Thus _Kynotus_ is confined to Madagascar, all the genera of Eudrilidae to tropical Africa, some of them, _e.g._ _Beddardiella_ and _Euscolex_, to very limited tracts, others to wider or less wide areas in that continent. _Maoridrilus_ is only found in New Zealand, to the South Island of which also is confined the genus _Neodrilus_. To the Cape region of Africa is limited _Microchaetus_; and to a belt running across the northern part of the tropical region and extending down the Nile, the remarkable, partly aquatic, _Alma_.