Easy lessons in Einstein : $b A discussion of the more intelligible features of the theory of relativity — John Shaqi
Easy lessons in Einstein : $b A discussion of the more intelligible features of the theory of relativitySlosson, Edwin E. (Edwin Emery)
Science
Easy lessons in Einstein : $b A discussion of the more intelligible features of the theory of relativity
Slosson, Edwin E. (Edwin Emery)
Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955; Relativity (Physics)
Or consider this simple illustration: Cut a strip of motion picture
film into its separate scenes and pile them up in order till it is as
high as it is broad. You have then a cubical event. Two dimensions of
the cube are spatial; the third dimension is essentially temporal,
although in a spatial form. If one of the films from the middle of the
pack represents the present then the films below represent the past and
those above the future. The people on the picture you picked out know
only of the scene there depicted though they may have a fading memory
of the past and a dim anticipation of the future. But to you who are
outside of the film pack all the scenes are equally visible. They are
all present to you. This is the way most Christians have conceived of
God, as one to whom past and future form one eternal present, so he
sees simultaneously all things that have been, are or will be.
If our pile of film were made up of snapshots taken one a day
throughout a man’s life we should see at one glance his growth from
babyhood to boyhood, to maturity and old age. We could turn the leaves
of his life backward or forward as we will. Some day perhaps we shall
have stereo-movies, scenes in three dimensions with time as the fourth.
This idea of time as a fourth dimension is not a new one. In 1754
d’Alembert, defining “dimension” in the Encyclopedia, wrote: “A
brilliant man of my acquaintance believes that one may regard duration
as a fourth dimension.” In 1903 Minkowski worked out the idea in
mathematical form. H. G. Wells, always quick to catch up a new
scientific theory to use as a plot for a story, wrote in 1895 of “The
Time Machine,” a vehicle by which a man could travel back and forth in
time as he can travel east and west in a motor car. In this he visits
the future and finds mankind split into two species, a subterranean
working class living on--literally--a pleasure-loving leisure class.
In “The Plattner Case” Wells tells of a chemical professor who was by
an explosion knocked into--not the middle of next week as we commonly
say--but into the fourth dimension of space. Ten days later he was
knocked back again into our world but the only evidence of the truth
of his story was that his heart beat on the right side and he was left
handed and otherwise reversed in a way that would be impossible in a
space of three dimensions.
[Illustration: In space of three dimensions we cannot make a right hand
glove and a left hand glove look the same no matter how we turn them
around. But if we turn one glove inside out it will match the other
except that the lining now appears on the outside.]
[Illustration: Our two hands cannot be turned inside out so as to look
the same in three dimensions, though they might in four dimensions.]
We can turn a glove inside out in three dimensions and so make it just
like its mate of the other hand, but we cannot turn a solid inside out
except in four-dimensional space.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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