Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas — John Shaqi
Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern KansasFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Opossums
Wire funnel traps set for reptiles along rock ledges also were often
disturbed by predators, mainly skunks and opossums, both of which were
caught on several occasions, when steel traps were used as a
protective measure. The opossums often were attracted to the funnel
traps by large insects such as camel crickets, grasshoppers and
beetles, but also by trapped lizards including the skinks (_Eumeces
fasciatus_ and _E. obsoletus_) and the racerunner (_Cnemidophorus
sexlineatus_). Both Sandidge (1953) and Reynolds (1945) recorded the
five-lined skink (_E. fasciatus_) in opossum stomachs. On the
Reservation this common lizard probably is one of the most frequent
items of vertebrate prey of the opossum. Flat rocks a few inches in
diameter frequently have been found flipped over; larger flat rocks
and those solidly anchored in the ground often have been found partly
undermined by opossums scratching away the loose dirt at their edges.
Flat rocks similar to those found disturbed by opossums are the
favorite resting places of the skinks, which, in cold or wet weather,
are sluggish when beneath such shelters; this is especially true of
female skinks that are nesting. The shape and size of some of the
excavations suggested predation on skink nests. Other possible food
sources in the same situation, in loose soil beneath flat rocks,
include narrow-mouthed toads, lycosid spiders, beetles (mainly
carabids such as _Pasimachus_ and _Brachinus_) and occasionally,
snails, centipedes and millipedes.
A pond, a little more than an acre in size, was a focal area for
opossums and more were caught there than on any other part of the
Reservation. Opossums that were trapped and marked on other parts of
the Reservation were likely to be caught here sooner or later. Tracks
in the mud showed that the edge was patrolled almost nightly by one or
more opossums and this activity was especially noticeable when the
pond was drying. Frogs were obviously the chief attraction inducing
the opossums to forage there. Of the 8 kinds of frogs and toads
breeding at the pond, the bullfrog (_Rana catesbeiana_), leopard frog
(_Rana pipiens_) and cricket frog (_Acris gryllus_) were most
abundant, throughout the season and especially when drying occurred.
All three probably are important foods of the opossum locally.
WEIGHTS
Opossums were weighed in the field, with small spring scales of
2000-gram capacity, graduated in 25-gram intervals. Weights recorded
were accurate within a margin of about 10 grams. After other data were
recorded, the opossum was offered the hook at the base of the scale,
and usually bit and held fast. Then it could be suspended off the
ground and a reading taken.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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