[Illustration: 37.—F.P.] Others fill up by establishing a repeating pattern, which might be indefinitely multiplied, as — and the difficulty is avoided on a large silver scarab of early date by shortening the links to allow of the connecting line passing the ends. This difficulty of designing good covering patterns out of true continuous lines probably led to the evasion of introducing false links. Thus what would otherwise have been an opening in the middle was barred across. [Illustration: 38.—I. x. 158.] [Illustration: 39.—K. x. 27.] [Illustration: 40.—K. x. 48.] [Illustration: 41.—F.P.] [Illustration: 42.—F.P.] Some beautiful effects were obtained by this false barring, which does not, at first sight, catch the eye, as in these two examples. [Illustration: 43.—F.P.] In the latter, two complete lop-sided spiral groups are joined by long false links around the outside. Another favourite device which often occurs is also compounded of lop-sided groups, or rather of a cross group, like Fig. 43, with four false links joining in the middle. [Illustration: 44.—I. x. 144.] [Illustration: 45.—I. x. 155.] [Illustration: 46.—F.P.] [Illustration: 47.—Turin.] Some other devices did not profess to cover the whole field, as in Figs. 44 and 45; and sometimes two separate lines of design were superposed, a single element of the same design being found as late as Tahutmes III. The spiral had thus been greatly developed as a detached ornament for a small surface; but in architecture and furniture it was required as a continuous decoration on borders and on large surfaces. Hence its development was in many ways different, and—so far as we know—later by a whole cycle of history than the development on the scarabs. On those small objects it started in the Vth dynasty, became fully elaborated in the XIIth, is common in the XIIIth, and only very occasionally found in the XVIIIth, disappearing altogether in the XIXth. On walls and furniture it is rare in the XIIth dynasty, becomes usual in the XVIIIth, flourishes in the XIXth and XXth, and is decadent in the XXVIth. [Illustration: Fig. 48.] The simplest form in which it is found is as a chequered pattern series of S spirals, apparently on cloths thrown over boat cabins. On Hatshepsut’s boat the spirals are close together (Duem. XXI.); but rather later, on the boat of Neferhotep, they are spread with chequers of red and blue between them (W.M.C. lxvii.). [Illustration: Fig. 49.]