The galvanic battery has been almost entirely superseded in this country
for telegraphic purposes by the dynamo, a machine developing electrical
currents by mechanical power. Another form of battery that is
extensively used for some kinds of heavy current work is called the
storage-battery. The man who did the most, perhaps, to bring the
storage-battery to its present state of perfection was Plante, a
Frenchman, who died only a short time ago. Although very many types of
battery have been developed, it is found that, after all, the lines on
which he developed it make the most efficient battery. There is a common
notion that electricity is stored in the storage-battery. Energy is
stored, that will produce electricity when it is set free, just the same
as energy is stored in zinc. The storage-battery, when ready for action,
is one form of acid or primary battery. It has been made by passing a
current of electricity through it until the chemical relations of the
two lead plates have been changed so that the potential of one is
greater than that of the other. A simple storage-battery element is made
up of two plates of lead held out of contact with each other by some
insulating substance the same as the elements of an ordinary battery.
The cell is filled with dilute sulphuric acid, and there will be no
electrical action till the cell has been charged by running a current of
electricity through it and forming a lead oxide on one plate. Now, take
off the charging battery and connect the two poles, and electricity will
flow until the oxide has partly changed back into spongy metallic lead,
when it must be renewed by recharging.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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