Elements of Criticism, Volume II.Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Philosophy
Elements of Criticism, Volume II.
Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Criticism; Literary style
Moon, that now meet’st the orient sun, now fli’st
With the fix’d stars, fix’d in their orb that flies,
And ye five other wand’ring fires that move
In mystic dance not without song, resound
His praise.
In the following examples, where the word first introduced imports a
relation, the disjunction will be found more violent.
Of man’s first disobedience, and the fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste
Brought death into the world, and all our wo,
With loss of Eden, till one greater man
Restore us, and regain the blessful seat,
Sing heav’nly muse.
---- Upon the firm opacous globe
Of this round world, whose first convex divides
The luminous inferior orbs, inclos’d
From chaos and th’ inroad of darkness old
Satan alighted walks.
---- On a sudden open fly,
With impetuous recoil and jarring sound,
Th’ infernal doors.
---- Wherein remain’d,
For what could else? to our almighty foe
Clear victory, to our part loss and rout.
----Forth rush’d with whirlwind sound
The chariot of paternal Deity.
Language would have no great power, were it confined to the natural
order of ideas. A thousand beauties may be compassed by inversion, that
must be relinquished in a natural arrangement. I shall soon have an
opportunity to make this evident. In the mean time, it ought not to
escape observation, that the mind of man is happily so constituted as to
relish inversion, though in one respect unnatural; and to relish it so
much, as in many cases to admit a violent disjunction of words that by
the sense are intimately connected. I scarce can say that inversion has
any limits; though I may venture to pronounce, that the disjunction of
articles, conjunctions, or prepositions, from the words to which they
belong, never has a good effect. The following example with relation to
a preposition, is perhaps as tolerable as any of the kind.
He would neither separate _from_, nor act against them.
I give notice to the reader, that I am now ready to enter upon the rules
of arrangement; beginning with a natural style, and proceeding gradually
to what is the most inverted. And in the arrangement of a period, as
well as in a right choice of words, the first and great object being
perspicuity, it is above laid down as a rule, That perspicuity ought not
to be sacrificed to any other beauty whatever. Ambiguities occasioned by
a wrong arrangement are of two sorts; one where the arrangement leads to
a wrong sense, and one where the sense is left doubtful. The first being
the more culpable, shall take the lead, beginning with examples of words
put in a wrong place.
How much the imagination of such a presence must exalt a genius, we
may observe _merely_ from the influence which an ordinary presence
has over men.
_Characteristics, vol. 1. p. 7._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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