Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
An apparently inevitable consequence of the homogeneity of conceptual
space and time is the _relativity_ of spatial and temporal position. As
we have seen, positions in conceptual space and time are not
distinguishable until you take them in pairs. In other words, to fix one
position in space or one date you have to give its relation to another
position or date, and similarly to fix this you must specify a third,
and so on indefinitely. To say _where_ A is means to say how you get to
it from B, and B again is only known by the way it is reached from C,
and so on without end. Logically, this is a simple consequence of the
nature of space and time as conceptually analysed into endless series.
To specify any term in the series you must give the unique relation it
bears to some other term, its logical _distance_. And, in a series which
has neither first nor last term, this second term cannot be defined
except by its logical distance from a third. In actual perception this
difficulty is avoided, owing to the fact that immediate feeling gives us
the _here_ and _now_ from which all our directions are measured. But in
conceptual space or time there is nothing to distinguish any one here
which we may take as our “origin of co-ordinates,” or any one now which
we take as our present from any other, and hence the endless regress
seems inevitable.
It follows, of course, that in conceptual space and time there is no
principle by which to distinguish different directions. In perception
they can be distinguished as right and left, up and down, and so forth.
But since what is right to one percipient is left to another, in
conceptual space, where complete abstraction is made from the presence
of an individual percipient, there is neither right nor left, up nor
down, nor any other qualitative difference between one direction and
another, all such differences being _relative_ to the individual
percipient. When we wish to introduce into conceptual space distinctions
between directions, we always have to begin by arbitrarily assigning
some standard direction as our point of departure. Thus we take, _e.g._,
an arbitrarily selected line A—————B as such a standard for a given
plane, and proceed to distinguish all other directions by the angle they
make with A B and the _sense_ in which they are estimated (whether as
from B to A or from A to B). But both the line A B and the difference of
sense between A B and B A can only be defined by similar reference to
some other standard direction, and so on through the endless regress.
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