Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
Again, it cannot apprehend existence under the forms of space and time
as we conceptually reconstruct them. For Reality, for the absolute
experience, must be a complete individual whole, with the ground of all
its differentiations within itself. But conceptual space and time are
constructed by deliberate abstraction from the relation to immediate
experience implied in all individuality, and consequently, as we have
just seen, they contain no real principle of internal distinction, their
constituent terms being all exactly alike and indistinguishable. In
short, if the perceptual time and space systems of our concrete
experience represent individual but imperfect and finite points of view,
the conceptual space and time of our scientific construction represents
the mere abstract possibility of a finite point of view; neither gives a
point of view both individual and infinite, and neither, therefore, can
be the point of view of an absolute experience. An absolute experience
must be out of time and out of space, in the sense that its contents are
not apprehended in the form of the spatial and temporal series, but in
some other way. Space and time, then, must be the phenomenal appearance
of a higher reality which is spaceless and timeless.
§ 6. In principle, the foregoing argument appears to me to be complete,
but, for the sake of readers who care to have its leading thought more
fully developed, it may be re-stated thus. Perceptual space and time
cannot be ultimately real as they stand. They are condemned already by
the old difficulty which we found in the notion of reality as made up of
qualities in relation. Perceptual space and time are aggregates of
lesser parts, which are themselves spaces and times; thus they are
relations between terms, each of which contains the same relation once
more in itself, and so imply the now familiar indefinite regress.[150]
Again, when we try in our conceptual space and time construction to
remedy this defect by reducing space and time altogether to mere systems
of relations, the difficulty turns out to have been merely evaded by
such a process of abstraction. For, so long as we keep rigidly to our
conceptual construction, the terms of our relations are
indistinguishable. In purely conceptual space and time, as we have seen,
there is no possibility of distinguishing any one direction from any
other, since all are qualitatively identical.
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