A female seventy years of age, who after exhibiting the premonitory symptoms of apoplexy for some months suddenly _lost the power of speech_, and on being conveyed to bed, lost all sensation and motion. On a post mortem examination a large cavity was found in the cortical substance of her brain (›in ejus Cerebri substantia corticali ampla cavitas reperta fuerit›, see Œc. R. A. II., No. 154). The case was taken from J. J. WEPFER’s ›_Historiae Apoplecticorum_› (Amsterdam, 1681, pp. 5-11). Another case taken from WEPFER was the following: A man 50 years of age had for some weeks before his death suffered from excruciating headache, the pain of which sometimes drove him mad, so that he was not seldom unconscious of what he said and did. On examining his head after death, the whole surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum, including both the convolutions and the furrows between them, seemed to be clogged all over with a gelatinous substance, from which, when it was pricked with a lancet, genuine serum oozed out. And also the very substance of the cerebrum and cerebellum had imbibed a large quantity of serum. (Œc. R. A., loco cit. and J. J. WEPFER: Op. cit., p. 15-19). A case from A. PACCHIONI was as follows: A young man had died under symptoms of fever, severe headache and _spasms_, or _cramp_. On opening his cranium, it appeared that the firm fibrous membrane of the brain, the dura mater, was loosened from the bone on the top of the head; and here, according to the description, it had exercised a strong pressure upon the underlying portion of the brain and was tightly adherent to it. (Œc. R. A., loc. cit.)——Consequently, in the last two cases: inflammation of the membranes of the brain, or meningitis with accompanying influence upon the superficial layer of the brain, the cerebral cortex. And still another case from PACCHIONI, which was still more convincing: A youth was brought into the hospital in an almost unconscious condition, spoke incoherently, cast himself about in all directions, etc.; and furthermore——his _lips were somewhat drawn over to the left side_ (›_labris ad sinistrum paululum detractis_›), thus a right-sided _facial paralysis_! On examination after death no injuries could be found upon the integuments of the head, nor upon the outer or inner sides of the cranium, but on the left side of the brain _a depression of the cortex_ was discovered, occasioned by the formation of a tumor or ›bladder› on that part of the surrounding dura mater lying just over the place of depression: ›_ibi depressus et durioris consistentiae cortex cerebri cavernam ostendebat vesicae congruentem_.›[70]