Capitals should be edged entirely, or grounded, with gold. The small letters are sometimes edged only on one side, which gives them a raised appearance: it should be the side nearest the right hand. Trefoils, and similar leaves, are generally painted in gold. [Sidenote: Blue.] BLUE (intense, sapphire) is of first value in colours, when used alone, but red is of equal value if used in apposition.[13] It is pre-eminently a colour of remembrance. The children of Israel were commanded to wear on their garments fringes, and on the fringes "a riband of blue," that when they looked upon it they might "remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them,"[14] and "be holy" unto their God. This colour being worn by express command, "signified that the wearer was God's own,"--typifying, therefore, adoption, sonship; further, being the colour of the sky, it "reminded Israel of his home in Heaven: so likewise in the curtains of the Tabernacle, the blue signified that hope of Heaven which belongs to the true tabernacles of the living God, that is, to holy hearts wherein God dwelleth."[15] [13] For example, "As thy days, so shall thy strength be," the word _days_ might be _red_, while _strength_ might be in _blue_; the colours would then be equal in value; but in such a text as "My times are in Thy Hand," _times_ being in _red_ and _Hand_ in _blue_, the latter colour would be of the higher value. [14] See Numbers, xv. 38-41. [15] _Sermon on Church Colouring_, by the Rev. R. J. Spranger, M. A. Published by Masters and Co., price 6_d._ BLUE may be employed to represent Heaven and holy Angels; heavenly hope; heavenly rest; holiness; consecration; truth; remembrance; adoption; peace; fidelity; constancy. [Sidenote: Red.] RED (scarlet, crimson, or ruby, the colour of fire) was anciently employed to typify the Holy Spirit, or the Creative Power. It is thus the symbol of DIVINE LOVE: including help, protection, zeal, and similar holy attributes. As the colour of blood, it typifies REDEMPTION and forgiveness. Mrs. Jameson informs us, that anciently our SAVIOUR and the Blessed Virgin were represented in "the red tunic and blue mantle, as signifying heavenly love and heavenly truth. The same colours were given to St. John the Evangelist, with this difference, that he wore the blue tunic and the red mantle." [Sidenote: Purple or Violet.] PURPLE was anciently employed in religious worship both by Jews and Gentiles. So early as in the Book of Judges (viii. 26), we read of it as forming the attire of kings; and many texts of Holy Scripture might be adduced shewing it to be almost exclusively devoted to royalty. We read, in the _Cyclopædia_ already quoted, that Pliny records a similar use of it among the Romans; and Homer speaks of purple as if it were almost peculiar to kings. Suetonius relates that Julius Cæsar prohibited its use by Roman subjects, except on certain days, and that Nero forbade it altogether, on pain of death.