[Sidenote: Red.] 2. RED. What is called "Carmine" powder, at 1_s._ per oz., will be found very useful, but the genuine colour is much more expensive. Vermilion, ditto, 6_d._ per oz. Both of these are necessary. [Sidenote: Purple.] 3. PURPLE (violet). For the colour ready prepared, "violet carmine," moist cake, 2_s._ To compose the colour, crimson lake, a little to be mixed with cobalt blue. This is very rarely used. [Sidenote: White.] 4. WHITE. Chinese white, in a tin tube, 1_s._ This is little used except on tinted cardboard. [Sidenote: Green.] 5. GREEN (emerald). Moist colour, 1_s._ [Sidenote: Black.] 6. BLACK (lamp). Ditto. [Sidenote: Grey.] 7. GREY. For bright grey, smalt mixed with Chinese white; for a duller tint add a very little brown madder. This is a colour seldom used in illuminating large scrolls, and only suitable for grounding. [Sidenote: Neutral Tint.] A cake of _neutral tint_ (to mix with cobalt) for shading white flowers, or a white dove. [Sidenote: Gold.] [Sidenote: Bessemer's Gold Paint.] GOLD. For beginners, "Bessemer's Gold Paint."[8] This includes two bottles, one of gold powder, the other of oil; price 1_s._ 6_d._ The powder always outlasts the oil, but the latter can be bought separately, 6_d._ per bottle. Very little of the powder and oil must be mixed at a time, as it dries up very quickly, requiring the occasional addition of a drop of the oil. If too much oil is added, the gold will look thin and poor, leaving greasy edges on the cardboard. It is a good plan to employ two little saucers, placing the powder in one and oil in the other. [8] This gold will discolour in time, but with care in keeping the brush and saucer quite clean, it will retain its brightness at least a year. [Sidenote: Spirits of Turpentine.] A small quantity of _spirits of turpentine_ is required, with which the brush and saucer must be washed perfectly clean, immediately after use; wipe them dry with a piece of rag or soft paper. If this rule be neglected, the gold hardens, and brush and saucer become useless. [Sidenote: Shell Gold.] Shell gold (with which water only is employed) is not suitable for large works. [Sidenote: Liquid Gold.] Chinese metallic ink, or liquid gold 1_s._ per bottle, is an excellent preparation. When thoroughly mixed by shaking, pour a little into a small saucer, stirring it up each time the brush is filled. At first, great care is requisite to prevent blots. It works most easily when nearly dry, by the addition of a little water in the brush.