Emerson on Sound Money: A Speech, 1896Emerson, Willis George
History
Emerson on Sound Money: A Speech, 1896
Emerson, Willis George
Currency question -- United States; Silver question
What statement could be clearer and more concise than that? It being
a mercantile problem, it of course was understood to be subject to
fluctuation and change. Accordingly, in 1834 our forefathers concluded
as their first attempt at a double standard had utterly failed in
keeping the two metals circulating side by side as money, that they
would change the ratio from 15 to 1 to 16 to 1, which they did. It seems
this ratio undervalued silver, that is to say, the gold dollar was still
worth 100 cents, but the silver dollar was worth from 102 to 103 cents.
Gold at once became the hard money circulating medium in this country,
silver the higher priced money, was entirely retired by the money
changers, bullion dealers and silversmiths. This is another illustration
where the cheaper money drove out of circulation the higher priced
money.
GREENBACKS WERE CHEAP MONEY.
In 1861 our country was engaged in civil war, and the greenbacks were
issued as money, and were at once looked upon as a cheaper money than
either gold or silver and immediately drove both gold and silver out
of circulation and kept them out of circulation for seventeen years, or
until we resumed specie payment in 1879. The history of these seventeen
years is another instance where the cheaper money was victorious and
drove out of circulation the higher priced money. Mr. Harvey no less
than four times in his recent speech in this city gave the following
definition of bimetallism: "Bimetallism is the right to use either of
the two metals for money." This condensed answer bears about the same
relation to the correct definition of bimetallism as the Boy Orator
of the Platte compares with those intellectual giants whom he seeks
to imitate, but without success, the immortal Washington and Lincoln.
(Applause). Bimetallism as is understood in the discussion of our
financial question, is the use of both gold and silver as money;
both legal tender money, and the legal ratio between the two metals
determined from the commercial ratio. Throughout Mr. Harvey's published
works and lectures we find him affirming the false principle that money
is a creature of law, and that by operation of law the commercial ratio
between gold and silver can be made to conform with the legal ratio of
16 to 1. Let us follow the author of "Coin's Financial School" for a few
moments, and see where this false principle will carry us.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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